So that, to quote John Smith on the Gentlemen Adventurers, "those that were rich, rested with what they had; those that were poor, and had nothing but from hand to mouth, turned pirates; some because they were slighted of those for whom they had got much wealth; some for that they could not get their due; some that had lived bravely would not abase themselves to poverty.... Now because they grew hateful to all Christian Princes, they retired to Barbary, where altho' there be not many good harbours, but Tunis, Algier, Sally, Marmora and Tituane, there are many convenient roads.... Ward, a poor English sailor, and Dansker, a Dutchman made first here their marts when the Moors scarce knew how to sail a ship. Bishop was ancient and did little hurt; but Easton got so much as made himself a Marquess in Savoy, and Ward lived like a Bashaw in Barbary; those were the first taught the Moors to be men of war." He gives the names of several other noted English pirates of the time: some were hung, others were "mercifully pardoned" by King James. Other villains acted as agents and contrived to give the "Turks" wind of the sailing of any punitive expedition. "For there being several Englishmen," writes Sir William Monson, the celebrated Admiral, "who have been too long in trading with pirates, and furnishing them with powder and other necessaries, it is to be feared those same Englishmen will endeavour to give the pirates intelligence, lest their being taken, their wicked practices should be discovered." Thanks to such scoundrels as these the "Turks" were able to attack us in our own waters. By 1616 they had no less than thirty ships north of the Mediterranean, and in that year a Salee rover was actually captured in the River Thames. By the year following so many British ships had been taken by the "Turks" that the merchants of London established a fund of £40,000--the Trinity House contributing £1068--"for the merchants and ships of the Port of London as a fund against the Turks". Four hundred and sixty British ships had already fallen into their hands. When in 1619 Sir John Killigrew asked permission to erect a lighthouse on the Lizard the Trinity House refused, on the ground "that it is not necessary or convenient to erect a lighthouse there, but _per contra_, inconvenient, having regard to _pirates_ and enemies whom it would conduct to a safe place of landing". In 1620 James I was at last persuaded to send an expedition against "Argier". The £40,000 collected in London, and other sums subscribed, went towards its equipment. It consisted of six men-of-war and twelve hired merchantmen under Sir Robert Mansell; but as during the previous sixteen years of the King's reign, "never a nail had been knocked into any of the Royal ships", and as their captains "were of little repute", the whole affair turned out such a dismal failure that the Algerines were encouraged to attack us with greater determination than ever.