At the Dogger Bank and off the Jutland Reef the torpedo was employed to the fullest extent, with results that we shall see when we come to consider these actions. We have of course, no direct statement that no torpedoes were employed in the Falkland engagements. Indeed in a modified way the torpedoes certainly had some influence. But there is the whole world of difference between torpedoes fired singly from one warship to another, and torpedoes used both in great quantities and by light craft which, under the defensive properties of their speed, can close to ranges sufficiently short to give the torpedo a reasonable chance of hitting, or, by taking station ahead, can add the target’s to the torpedo’s speed to increase its range. We shall be broadly right then in treating these engagements as affairs of gunnery purely, for the torpedo had seemingly no influence in the periods that were decisive. Briefly put, what were the tactics of Admiral Sturdee with the battle-cruisers, and Captain Ellerton with _Cornwall_ and _Glasgow_ on December 8th? Their business was to destroy an enemy far weaker than themselves, one who had neither strength enough to fight victoriously nor speed enough to fly successfully. Both followed the same plan. They employed their superior speed, first to get near enough for their heavier guns to be used with some effect, and then, whenever the enemy tried to close, to get to a range at which his inferior pieces could be expected to get a considerable percentage of hits, they manœuvred to increase the range so as to keep the enemy at a permanent gunnery disadvantage. As this long-range fire gradually told, the enemy’s artillery became necessarily less and less effective, until he was reduced to a condition in which he could be closed and finished off without taking any risks at all. These tactics resulted in _Gneisenau_ and _Scharnhorst_ being destroyed by _Invincible_ and _Inflexible_, the whole crews of both German ships being either killed or captured, while the two battle-cruisers had three casualties only. _Invincible_ was actually hit by twenty-two shells, _Inflexible_ by only three, and it was the latter ship who had the only three men hit. _Cornwall_ received eighteen direct hits and, like _Invincible_, had no casualties at all, while _Glasgow_ had one man killed and five wounded.