The paper concludes with a detailed statement of the _modus operandi_ and after-treatment in the modern Cæsarean operation. (A loop of the constrictor can usually be readily passed over the fundus and slipped down to the cervix while the uterus is still in the abdomen as we have shown.) (A Case of Cæsarean Section, N. Y. M. J., August 29, 1885.) Traction upon the constrictor perfectly occludes the short abdominal wound during the incision of the uterus, eventration taking place as the uterus collapses on removing the fœtus. The advantage, therefore, of extending the abdominal incision some inches above the umbilicus in all cases and turning out the uterus before opening it may be doubted. It is sometimes, however, impossible or difficult to apply the constrictor to the uterus in situ. Extraction of the fœtus by the head is certainly easier than delivery by the feet as advised by most writers. The comparative results of induced labor, version, perforation and Cæsarean section in the Dresden Clinic have been recently considered in a series of papers by Leopold and his assistants, Korn, Lohman and Praeger. The maternal mortality was as follows: Induced premature labor 2.2 per cent. Version and extraction 4–8 per cent. Perforation 2–8 per cent. Cæsarean section 8–6 per cent. The fœtal mortality was in Premature labor 33.4 per cent. Version and extraction 41. per cent. Cæsarean section 13. per cent. Leopold concludes that while Cæsarean section cannot yet be substituted in all cases for craniotomy, it is at least justifiable as an alternative when the following conditions are present or possible, viz.: Complete asepsis. The patient strong and not long in labor. The fœtal heart-beats normal in rate and rhythm. Strauch (Arch. f. Gyn.), analyzing the results in twenty-eight cases of induced premature labor arrives at like conclusions. While the mortality in cases of the mothers was _nil_, the fœtal mortality was fifty-five per cent. The rights of the fœtus demand a more frequent choice of Cæsarean section, the mortality of which by the modern method is thus far 11.8 per cent. for the mothers and 8 per cent. for the children. Dr. Felice La Torre, of Paris, reaches the conclusion from extensive clinical research that craniotomy or premature labor is better than Cæsarean section, since the former saves all the mothers. Krassowski (Arch. f. Gyn., B. 32 H. 2) reports five Porro and two Saenger operations saving six mothers and five children. K. uses thymol 1:1,000 for instruments, and the biniodide of mercury 1:4,000 for the hands, etc. He seals the abdominal wound with collodion to which biniodide of mercury has been added. Zweifel reports six additional cases of the Cæsarean operation after Saenger, saving five mothers and all the children.