[173] _As You Like It_ (act ii, scene ii). Shakespeare makes no reference to any secret society, but some of his allusions suggest that he knew more than he wrote. He describes "The singing Masons building roofs of gold" (_Henry V_, act i, scene ii), and compares them to a swarm of bees at work. Did he know what the bee hive means in the symbolism of Masonry? (Read an interesting article on "Shakespeare and Freemasonry," _American Freemason_, January, 1912.) It reminds one of the passage in the _Complete Angler_, by Isaak Walton, in which the gentle fisherman talks about the meaning of Pillars in language very like that used in the _Old Charges_. But Hawkins in his edition of the _Angler_ recalls that Walton was a friend of Elias Ashmole, and may have learned of Masonry from him. (_A Short Masonic History_, by F. Armitage, vol. ii, chap. 3.) [174] _Some Problems of Philosophy_, by William James. [175] In 1877 the Grand Orient of France removed the Bible from its altar and erased from its ritual all reference to Deity; and for so doing it was disfellowshiped by nearly every Grand Lodge in the world. The writer of the article on "Masonry" in the _Catholic Encyclopedia_ recalls this fact with emphasis; but he is much fairer to the Grand Orient than many Masonic writers have been. He understands that this does not mean that the Masons of France are atheistic, as that word is ordinarily used, but that _they do not believe that there exist Atheists in the absolute sense of the word_; and he quotes the words of Albert Pike: "A man who has a higher conception of God than those about him, and who denies that their conception is God, is very likely to be called an Atheist by men who are really far less believers in God than he" (_Morals and Dogma_, p. 643). Thus, as Pike goes on to say, the early Christians, who said the heathen idols were no Gods, were accounted Atheists, and accordingly put to death. We need not hold a brief for the Grand Orient, but it behooves us to understand its position and point of view, lest we be found guilty of a petty bigotry in regard to a word when the _reality_ is a common treasure. First, it was felt that France needed the aid of every man who was an enemy of Latin ecclesiasticism, in order to bring about a separation of Church and State; hence the attitude of the Grand Orient. Second, the Masons of France agree with Plutarch that no conception of God at all is better than a dark, distorted superstition which wraps men in terror; and they erased a word which, for many, was associated with an unworthy faith--the better to seek a unity of effort in behalf of liberty of thought and a loftier faith. (_The Religion of Plutarch_, by Oakesmith; also the Bacon essay on _Superstition_.) We may deem this unwise, but we ought at least to understand its spirit and purpose. [176] _Theocratic Philosophy of Freemasonry_, by Oliver.