[70] Every elaborate History of Masonry--as, for example, that of Gould--reproduces these old documents in full or in digest, with exhaustive analyses of and commentaries upon them. Such a task obviously does not come within the scope of the present study. One of the best brief comparative studies of the _Old Charges_ is an essay by W.H. Upton, "The True Text of the Book of Constitutions," in that it applies approved methods of historical criticism to all of them (_A. Q. C._, vii, 119). See also _Masonic Sketches and Reprints_, by Hughan. No doubt these _Old Charges_ are familiar, or should be familiar, to every intelligent member of the order, as a man knows the deeds of his estate. [71] _The Hole Craft and Fellowship of Masonry_, by Conder. Also exhaustive essays by Conder and Speth, _A. Q. C._, ix, 29; x, 10. Too much, it seems to me, has been made of both the name and the date, since the _fact_ was older than either. Findel finds the name _Free_-mason as early as 1212, and Leader Scott goes still further back; but the fact may be traced back to the Roman Collegia. [72] He refers to Herodotus as the _Master of History_; quotes from the _Polychronicon_, written by a Benedictine monk who died in 1360; from _De Imagine Mundi_, Isodorus, and frequently from the Bible. Of more than ordinary learning for his day and station, he did not escape a certain air of pedantry in his use of authorities. [73] These invocations vary in their phraseology, some bearing more visibly than others the mark of the Church. Toulmin Smith, in his _English Guilds_, notes the fact that the form of the invocations of the Masons "differs strikingly from that of most other Guilds. In almost every other case, God the Father Almighty would seem to have been forgotten." But Masons never forgot the corner-stone upon which their order and its teachings rest; not for a day. [74] Such names as Aynone, Aymon, Ajuon, Dynon, Amon, Anon, Annon, and Benaim are used, deliberately, it would seem, and of set design. _The Inigo Jones MS_ uses the Bible name, but, though dated 1607, it has been shown to be apocryphal. See Gould's _History_, appendix. Also _Bulletin_ of Supreme Council S. J., U. S. (vii, 200), that the Strassburg builders pictured the legend in stone. [75] _The Cathedral Builders_, bk. i, chap. i. [76] See the account of "The Origin of Saxon Architecture," in the _Cathedral Builders_ (bk. ii, chap. iii), written by Dr. W.M. Barnes in England independently of the author who was living in Italy; and it is significant that the facts led both of them to the same conclusions. They show quite unmistakably that the Comacine builders were in England as early as 600 A.D., both by documents and by a comparative study of styles of architecture. [77] _Maestri Comacini_, vol. i, chap. ii. [78] _Story of Architecture_, chap. xxii.