As soon as we pass from the boundaries of the Palæarctic Region into India there is discovered a great number of species of the genus _Papilio_. The _Euploeinæ_, of various genera, swarm, and splendid creatures, magnificent in color, present themselves, replacing among the _Nymphalinæ_ the small and obscurely colored forms which are found among the mountains of Europe and on the great Asiatic steppes. In the Indo-Malayan Region one of the most gorgeous of the papilionine genera is known as _Ornithoptera_. These great "bird-wing" butterflies are most brilliant in color in the male, and in the female attain an expanse of wing reaching in some species eight and even nine inches, so that it would be impossible to represent them in their natural dimensions upon a page such as that which is before the reader. One of these giants of the butterfly family, named _Victoria_ after her Majesty the Queen of England, is found in the Solomon Islands, and is probably the largest of all known butterflies. One specimen, belonging to the author, has an expanse of wing exceeding nine inches. Among the strangest of recent discoveries is _Ornithoptera paradisea_, which is found in New Guinea. The male has the hind wings produced in the form of a very delicate and slender tail; the upper surfaces of the wing are broadly marked with shining green and lustrous orange upon a velvety-black ground. The female is black with white spots, slightly marked with yellow, being obscure in color, as is for the most part characteristic of this sex among butterflies, as well as other animals. The Ethiopian Region is rich in beautiful butterflies of the genus _Callosune_, which are white or yellow, having the tips of the anterior wings marked with crimson or purple. There are many scores of species of these which are found on the grassy park-like lands of southeastern Africa, and they range northward through Abyssinia into Arabia, and a few species even invade the hot lands of the Indian peninsula. In the great forests of the Congo and in fact throughout tropical Africa, the genus _Acræa_, composed of beautiful insects with long, narrow wings like the genus _Heliconius_, but for the most part yellow, rich brown, and red, spotted with black, abound. And here, too, are found some of the noblest species belonging to the great genus _Papilio_, among them that most singular and, until recently, rarest of the genus, _Papilio antimachus_ of Drury, one specimen of which, among a dozen or more in the author's possession, has wings which exceed in expanse even those of _Ornithoptera victoria_, though this butterfly, which seems to mimic the genus _Acræa_, has comparatively narrow wings, and they, therefore, do not cover so large an area as is covered in the case of the genus _Ornithoptera_.