_Early Stages._--The life-history of our species has not been thoroughly studied, but we have ascertained enough of the early stages of various species found in the tropics of the Old World to know that there is a very close relationship between this genus and that which follows in our classification. (1) =Tachyris ilaire=, Godart, Plate XXXV, Fig. 4, ♂; Fig. 5, ♀ (The Florida White). _Butterfly._--The hind wings of the male on the under side, which is not shown in the plate, are very pale saffron. The under side of the wings in the female is pearly-white, marked with bright orange-yellow at the base of the primaries. A melanic form of the female sometimes occurs in which the wings are almost wholly dull blackish on both sides. _Early Stages._--We know, as yet, but little of these. The insect is universally abundant in the tropics of America, and occurs in southern Florida. [Illustration FIG. 140.--Neuration of the genus _Tachyris_. Hind wing relatively enlarged.] Genus PIERIS, Schrank (The Whites) "And there, like a dream in a swoon, I swear I saw Pan lying,--his limbs in the dew And the shade, and his face in the dazzle and glare Of the glad sunshine; while everywhere, Over, across, and around him blew Filmy dragon-flies hither and there, And little white butterflies, two and two. In eddies of odorous air." JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY. _Butterfly._--Medium-sized butterflies, white in color, marked in many species on both the upper and under sides with dark brown. The antennæ are distinctly clubbed, moderate in length. The palpi are short, delicate, compressed, with the terminal joint quite short and pointed. The subcostal vein of the primaries has four branches, the first subcostal arising before the end of the cell, the second at its upper outer angle, and the third and fourth from a common stem emitted at the same point. The outer margin of the primaries is straight, the outer margin of the secondaries more or less evenly rounded. _Egg._--The egg is spindle-shaped, with vertical raised ridges. _Caterpillar._--Elongate, the head hemispherical, very slightly, if at all, larger in diameter than the body. The caterpillars feed upon cruciferous plants. _Chrysalis._--Attached by the anal extremity, and held in place by a silk girdle; slightly concave on the ventral side; convex on the dorsal side, with a distinct or pointed hump-like projection on the thorax. At the point where the thoracic and abdominal segments unite in some species there is in addition a distinct keel-shaped eminence, and at the head the chrysalis is furnished with a short conical projection. [Illustration FIG. 141.--Neuration of the genus _Pieris_.] (1) =Pieris monuste=, Linnæus, Plate XXXV, Fig. 1, ♂; Fig. 2, ♀ (The Great Southern White).