The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North AmericaHolland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Science
The Butterfly Book: A Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America
Holland, W. J. (William Jacob)
Butterflies -- North America
(_a_) Winter form =ariadne=, Edwards, Plate XXXVI, Fig. 7, ♂; Fig. 8,
♀. This form, emerging from chrysalids which have overwintered, is like
the type in having the fore wings tinged with orange. Expanse, 1.75
inch.
(_b_) Winter form =keewaydin=, Edwards, Plate XXXVI, Fig. 9, ♂; Fig. 10,
♀. This is a larger form, more deeply flushed with orange, though not
quite as deeply as shown in the plate. Expanse, 1.85 inch.
(_c_) Summer form =eriphyle=, Edwards, Plate XXXV, Fig. 15, ♂; Plate
XLIII, Fig. 3, ♂, _under side_. This summer form differs from typical
_C. eurytheme_ in being yellow and not laved with orange. Expanse, 2.00
inches.
_Early Stages._--The caterpillar feeds on clover, as do most of the
species of the genus.
The range of _eurytheme_ is very wide. It extends from the Atlantic to
the Pacific, and from Canada to the far South, though rare in the lower
parts of Florida and Texas in the hot lands.
(4) =Colias philodice=, Godart, Plate I (Frontispiece), Fig. 4, ♂; Fig.
5, ♀; Plate II, Fig. 10, _larva_; Plate V, Figs. 54, 55, _chrysalis_
(The Common Sulphur).
_Butterfly._--We are all familiar with this species, the "puddle
butterfly" of our childhood, which sits in swarms on moist places by the
wayside, and makes the clover-fields gay with the flash of yellow wings
in summer. There are many aberrational forms, albinos and negroes, white
forms and dark forms, dwarfed forms and large forms, but in the main the
species is remarkably constant, and seasonal forms and distinctly local
races do not abound as in the case of the preceding species. Expanse, ♂,
1.25-1.80 inch; ♀, 1.60-2.25 inches.
_Early Stages._--The food-plant is clover. The eggs are pale yellow,
changing, after being laid, to crimson. The caterpillar is slender,
green, striped longitudinally with paler green. The chrysalis is pale
green.
The species ranges from New England to Florida, and westward to the
Rocky Mountains.
(5) =Colias chrysomelas=, Henry Edwards, Plate XXXV, Fig. 12, ♂; Fig. 13,
♀ (The Gold-and-black Sulphur).
_Butterfly._--Larger than _C. philodice_. The male on the upper side
is bright lemon-yellow, with broad black margins on both wings. The
female is paler, with the black margin of the hind wing lacking or very
faintly indicated, and the margin of the fore wing much broken up by
yellow spots. On the under side the wings of the male are dusky-orange,
pale yellow on the disk of the primaries; the wings of the female on
this side are pale yellow. Expanse, ♂, 2.00-2.10 inches; ♀, 2.25-2.30
inches.
_Early Stages._--Undescribed.
The home of this species is on the Coast Range of northern California.
(6) =Colias alexandra=, Edwards, Plate XXXV, Fig. 6, ♂; Fig. 7, ♀ (The
Alexandra Sulphur).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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