Almost the moment that he was freed from the Bulgarian war, Leo became
involved in the fatal Iconoclastic controversy. Being a native of an
Oriental theme, he was naturally imbued with the views of his great
namesake, the Isaurian, and inclined to reverse the policy of the
monk-loving Michael I. But being moderate and wary he tried to introduce,
without the use of force, a middle policy between image-breaking and
image-worship—a fruitless attempt, which only brought him the nickname of
“the Chameleon.” Leo’s idea was the quaint device of permitting the use of
images, but of hanging them so high from the ground that the public should
not be able to touch or kiss them! This pleased nobody; on the one side,
the patriarch and his monks inveighed against the moving of the images,
while, on the other, tumultuous companies of Asiatic soldiery broke into
churches and mutilated all the pictures and figures they could find. The
seven years of Leo’s reign were full of ecclesiastical bickerings, but it
should be remembered to his credit that no single person suffered death
for his conscience’ sake in the whole period. The most violent of the
opponents of the Emperor were merely interned in remote monasteries, when
they ventured to set their will against his. Long ere the end of his
reign, Leo had been compelled to leave his half measures and prohibit all
use of images. Like Constantine Copronymus, he called a council to endorse
his action, and a majority of the Eastern bishops resolved that Iconolatry
was a dangerous heresy, and anathematized the patriarch Nicephorus and all
other defenders of the images.
Leo’s reign was prosperous in all save the matter of his religious
troubles. But he was not destined to die in peace in his bed. Michael the
Amorian, the best general in the empire, was detected in a conspiracy
against his master. Leo cast him into prison, but delayed his punishment,
and left his accomplices at large. Michael had many friends in the palace
who determined to strike a blow ere the Emperor should have discovered
their guilt. They resolved to slay Leo in his private chapel, as he
attended matins on Christmas Day, for he was accustomed to come unarmed
and unguarded to the early communion. Accordingly, the conspirators
attended the service, and attacked the Emperor in the midst of the
Eucharistic hymn. Leo snatched the heavy metal cross off the altar and
struck down some of his assailants, but numbers were too many for him, and
he was cut down and slain at the very foot of the holy table. [Christmas
Day, 820.]
Michael the Amorian was dragged out of his dungeon, saluted as emperor,
and crowned, even before the fetters were off his feet. It was not till
the ceremony had been performed that time was found to send for a smith to
strike away the rings.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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