Achaia, Frank principality of, 296 Acroinon, battle of, 188 Adana, taken by Nicephorus Phocas, 230 Adrianople, battle of, 40; besieged by the Goths, 41; captured by the Turks, 329 Africa, conquered by Belisarius, 84-5; overrun by the Saracens, 176 Aijnadin, battle of, 162 Alaric the Goth, 47; wars with Stilicho, 48; departs to Italy, 49 Alaeddin, Sultan of the Seljouks, 322 Alboin the Lombard invades and conquers Italy, 116 Aleppo, Emirate of, 227; attacked by Nicephorus Phocas, 231; tributary to the empire, 270 Alexander, emperor-regent, 217 Alexandria, stormed by the Arabs, 166 Alexius I. (Comnenus), usurpation of, 257; wars with the Normans, 259; conquests of in Asia Minor, 205; commercial policy of, 268 Alexius II. (Comnenus), short reign and murder of, 272 Alexius III. (Angelus), usurpation of, 278; attacked by the Crusaders, 282; flies, 284 Alexius IV. (Angelus), takes refuge in Germany, 279; persuades the Crusaders, 280; made emperor, 284; murdered, 285 Alexius V. (Ducas), murders Alexius IV., 285; defends Constantinople, 287; slain, 293 Alexius Comnenus, emperor of Trebizond, 298 Alp Arslan, Sultan of the Seljouk Turks, attacks the empire, 252; defeats Romanus IV., 254 Amalasuntha, Gothic queen, murdered, 82 Amalphi, commerce of, 225 Amorium, stormed by the Saracens, 210 Amour, Turkish Emir, 327 Amrou conquers Egypt, 166 Anastasius I., reign of, 61 Anastasius II., usurpation of, 181 Anatolic theme, 167 Andreas murders Constans II., 169 Andronicus I. (Comnenus), crimes and fall of, 272-3 Andronicus II. (Paleologus), reign of, 315-20 Andronicus III. (Paleologus), reign of, 321-2 Angelus, house of, _see_ Isaac II. Alexius III. and Theodore of Epirus Angora, battle of, 334 Ani, taken by the Turks, 251 Anthemius, prime minister of Theodosius II., 54-5 Anthemius, architect of St. Sophia, 107 Anne of Savoy, empress-regent, 326 Antioch, taken by the Persians, 99; taken a second time, 129; stormed by the Saracens, 163; retaken by Nicephorus Phocas, 231; lost to the Turks, 256; besieged by the Crusaders, 265; tributary to the Comneni, 270 Antioch-on-Maeander, battle of, 299. Antonia, wife of Belisarius, 74 Apsimarus, Tiberius, emperor, 177; executed, 179 Arabs, _see_ Saracens Arcadius, reign of, 47-54; his dealings with the Goths, 48; quarrels with Chrysostom, 52 Armenia, conquered by the Byzantines, 243; overrun by the Turks, 251 Army, reformed by Leo and Zeno, 61; description of, in tenth century, 218 Artemius Anastasius, reign of, 61 Art, decay and revival of, 222-4 Aspar, executed by Leo I., 60 Athalaric, Gothic king, 81 Athanarich, Gothic king, 42; visits Constantinople, 44 Athens, early Byzantines at war with, 6; schools of, closed by Justinian, 150; Frank duchy of, 297; conquered by the “Grand Company,” 319 Attila, king of the Huns, wars of with the empire, 57 Augustaeum, description of the, 19