The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)
Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Animals
The zooids of the Gymnoblastea present considerable diversity of form and
structure. The tentacles may be reduced to one (in _Monobrachium_) or two
(in _Lar sabellarum_), but usually the number is variable in each
individual colony. In many cases, such as _Cordylophora_, _Clava_, and many
others, the tentacles are irregularly scattered on the sides of the zooids.
In others there may be a single circlet of about ten or twelve tentacles
round the base of the hypostome. In some genera the tentacles are arranged
in two series (_Tubularia_, _Corymorpha_, _Monocaulus_), a distal series
round the margin of the mouth which may be arranged in a single circlet or
scattered irregularly on the hypostome, and a proximal series arranged in a
single circlet some little distance from the mouth. In _Branchiocerianthus
imperator_ the number of tentacles is very great, each of the two circlets
consisting of about two hundred tentacles.
[Illustration: FIG. 130.—Diagrammatic sketch to show the method of
branching of _Bougainvillia_. _gon_, Gonophores; _Hr_, hydrorhiza; _t.z_,
terminal zooid.]
The zooids of the hydrosome are usually monomorphic, but there are cases in
which different forms of zooid occur in the same colony. In _Hydractinia_,
for example, no less than four different kinds of zooids have been
described. These are called gastrozooids, dactylozooids, tentaculozooids,
and blastostyles respectively. The "gastrozooids" are provided with a
conical hypostome bearing the mouth and two closely-set circlets of some
ten to thirty tentacles. The "dactylozooids" are longer than the
gastrozooids and have the habit of actively coiling and {265}uncoiling
themselves; they have a small mouth and a single circlet of rudimentary
tentacles. The "tentaculozooids" are situated at the outskirts of the
colony, and are very long and slender, with rudimentary tentacles and no
mouth. The "blastostyles," usually shorter than the gastrozooids, have two
circlets of rudimentary tentacles and a mouth. They bear on their sides the
spherical or oval gonophores.
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