The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)
Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Animals
There are many modifications observed in the different genera as regards
the number of tentacles, the number and character of the radial canals, the
minute structure of the sense-organs, and some other characters, but they
agree in having a velum, ocellar sense-organs, and manubrial sexual organs.
The tentacles are rudimentary in _Amalthea_; in _Corymorpha_ there is only
one tentacle; in _Perigonimus_ there are two; and in _Bougainvillia_ they
are numerous; but the usual number is four or six. The radial canals are
usually simple and four in number, but there are six in _Lar sabellarum_,
which branch twice or three times before reaching the margin of the
umbrella (Fig. 132, B).
[Illustration: FIG. 131.—Medusa of _Cladonema_, from the Bahamas, showing
peculiar tentacular processes on the tentacles, the ocelli at the base of
the tentacles, the swellings on the manubrium that mark the position of the
gonads, and the radial and ring-canals of the umbrella. (After Perkins.)]
There can be no doubt that the Medusae of many Gymnoblastea undergo several
important changes in their anatomical features during the period of the
ripening of the sexual cells. Thus in _Lar sabellarum_ the six radial
canals are simple in the first stage of development (A); but in the second
stage (B) each radial canal bifurcates before reaching the margin, and in
the adult stage shows a double bifurcation. The life-history has, however,
been worked out in very few of the Anthomedusae, and there can be little
doubt that as our knowledge grows several forms which are now known as
distinct species {267}will be found to be different stages of growth of the
same species.
[Illustration: FIG. 132.—Two stages in the development of the Medusa of
_Lar sabellarum_ (_Willsia stellata_). A, first stage with six canals
without branches; B, third stage with six canals each with two lateral
branches. The developing gonads may be seen on the manubrium in A. (After
Browne.)]
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