The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 01 (of 10)
Hickson, Sydney J. (Sydney John)
Animals
_Stromatopora_ is common in Devonian and also occurs in Silurian strata.
_Cannopora_ from the Devonian has well-marked tabulate pores, and is often
found associated commensally with another coral (_Aulopora_ or
_Syringopora_).
ORDER VI. STYLASTERINA.
The genera included in this order resemble _Millepora_ in producing a
massive calcareous skeleton, and in showing a consistent dimorphism of the
zooids, but in many respects they exhibit great divergence from the
characters of the Milleporina.
The colony is arborescent in growth, the branches arising frequently only
in one plane, forming a flabellum. The calcareous skeleton is perforated to
a considerable depth by the gastrozooids, dactylozooids, and nutritive
canals, and the {284}gastropores and dactylopores are not provided with
tabulae except in the genera _Pliobothrus_ and _Sporadopora_. The character
which gives the order its name is a conical, sometimes torch-like
projection at the base of the gastropore, called the "style," which carries
a fold of the ectoderm and endoderm layers of the body-wall, and may serve
to increase the absorptive surface of the digestive cavity. In some genera
a style is also present in the dactylopore, in which case it serves as an
additional surface for the attachment of the retractor muscles. The pores
are scattered on all aspects of the coral in the genera _Sporadopora_,
_Errina_, and _Pliobothrus_; in _Spinipora_ and _Steganopora_ the scattered
dactylopores are situated at the extremities of tubular spines which
project from the general surface of the coral, the gastropores being
situated irregularly between the spines. In _Phalangopora_ the pores are
arranged in regular longitudinal lines, and in _Distichopora_ they are
mainly in rows on the edges of the flattened branches, a single row of
gastropores being flanked by a single row of dactylopores on each side. In
the remaining genera the pores are arranged in definite cycles, which are
frequently separated from one another by considerable intervals, and have,
particularly in the dried skeleton, a certain resemblance to the calices of
some of the Zoantharian corals.
In _Cryptohelia_ the cycles are covered by a lid-like projection from the
neighbouring coenenchym (Fig. 136, _l_ 1, _l_ 2). The gastrozooids are
short, and are usually provided with a variable number of small capitate
tentacles. The dactylozooids are filiform and devoid of tentacles, the
endoderm of their axes being solid and scalariform.
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