Sub-Fam. 2. PRAYINAE.—The colony exhibits a pair of large, obtuse nectocalyces, with a relatively small sub-umbrellar cavity. _Praya_, Mediterranean and Atlantic. {307}Sub-Fam. 3. DESMOPHYINAE.—The colony bears a large number of reserve or tertiary nectocalyces arranged in two rows. _Desmophyes_, Indian Ocean. Sub-Fam. 4. STEPHANOPHYINAE.—There are four nectocalyces arranged in a horizontal plane. Each one of the cormidia bears a nectocalyx, which is periodically replaced. This sub-family is constituted for _Stephanophyes superba_ from the Canary Islands. It attains a length of 25 cm., and is probably the largest and most beautiful of all the Calycophoridae.[339] The group DIPHYIDAE SUPERPOSITAE contains the following:— Sub-Fam. 1. GALEOLARINAE.—_Galeolaria._ Sub-Fam. 2. DIPHYOPSINAE.—_Diphyes._ Sub-Fam. 3. ABYLINAE.—_Abyla._ These sub-families differ from one another in the character and shape of the nectocalyces and in other characters. They have a world-wide distribution, _Diphyes_ and _Galeolaria_ extending north into the Arctic Seas. _Diphyes_ is British. FAM. 3. POLYPHYIDAE.—The nectocalyces are numerous, and superposed in two rows. The cormidia remain attached. The family contains the genera _Polyphyes_ and _Hippopodius_, both probably cosmopolitan in warm waters. SUB-ORDER II. PHYSOPHORAE. In this sub-order the primary nectocalyx gives rise to a definite pneumatophore. There are four families. FAM. 1. PHYSONECTIDAE.—In this, the largest family of the sub-order, there is a monothalamic pneumatophore supporting a stolon, which in some forms is of great length, but in others is reduced to a stump or pad, on which there are usually found several nectocalyces, hydrophyllia, gastrozooids, gonozooids, and tentilla. The principal sub-families are:— AGALMINAE.—With a long stolon, bearing at the upper end (_i.e._ the end next to the pneumatophore) two rows of nectocalyces. The other zooids are arranged in cormidia on the stolon, each covered by a hydrophyllium. Dactylozooids with tentilla. _Agalma_ and _Cupulita_, Mediterranean Sea. APOLEMINAE.—Similar to the above, but without tentilla. {308}_Apolemia_—this genus attains a length of two or three metres. Mediterranean Sea. _Dicymba_, Indian Ocean. PHYSOPHORINAE.—The pneumatophore larger in proportion than it is in the preceding families. The stolon is short, and bears rows of nectocalyces at the upper end. The gastrozooids, dactylozooids, and gonozooids are arranged in verticils on the lower expanded part of the stolon. Hydrophyllia absent. _Physophora_, cosmopolitan in the areas of warm sea water.