The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)
Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Animals
Baker, in a letter addressed to Martin Folkes, Esq., President of the Royal
Society, dated London, 16th January 1744-5,[254] gives the following lively
account of the aspect and movements of _Philodina roseola_ belonging to
this group, with figures, some of which we reproduce from the original
copper-plate engraving:—"I call it a _Water Animal_, because its Appearance
as a living Creature is only in that Element. I give it also for
Distinction Sake the Name of _Wheeler_, _Wheel Insect_ or _Animal_; from
its being furnished with a Pair of Instruments, which in Figure and Motion
appear much to resemble Wheels. It can, however, continue many Months out
of Water, and dry as Dust; in which Condition its Shape is globular, its
Bigness exceeds not a Grain of {208}Sand, and no Signs of Life appear.
Notwithstanding, being put into Water, in the Space of Half an Hour a
languid Motion begins, the Globule turns itself about, lengthens by slow
Degrees, becomes in the Form of a _lively Maggot_, and most commonly in a
few Minutes afterwards puts out its Wheels, and swims vigorously through
the Water in Search of Food; or else, fixing by its Tail, works them in
such a Manner as to bring its Food to it. But sometimes it will remain a
long While in the Maggot Form and not shew its Wheels at all....
[Illustration: FIG. 110.—_Philodina roseola._ (After Baker.) A, B,
Crawling, with extended proboscis, and showing antenna; C, D, E, attached,
with "wheels" extended for catching food; F, attached, with anterior end
retracted.]
"If the Water standing in Gutters of Lead, or the slimy Sediment it leaves
behind, has any Thing of a red Colour, one may be almost certain of finding
them therein,[255] and, if in Summer, when all the Water is dried away, and
nothing but Dust remains, that Dust appears red, or of a dark brown, one
shall seldom fail, {209}on putting it into Water, to discover Multitudes of
minute reddish Globules, which are indeed the Animals, and will soon change
their Appearance, in the Manner just now mentioned....
"A Couple of circular Bodies, armed with small Teeth like those of the
Balance-Wheel of a Watch, appear projecting forwards beyond the Head, and
extending sideways somewhat wider than the Diameter thereof. They have very
much the Similitude of Wheels, and seem to turn round with a considerable
Degree of Velocity, by which Means a pretty rapid Current of Water is
brought from a great Distance to the very Mouth of the Creature, who is
thereby supplied with many little Animalcules and various Particles of
Matter that the Waters are furnished with.
"As these _Wheels_ (for so from their Appearance I shall beg Leave to call
them) are every where excessively transparent, except about their circular
Rim or Edge on which the Cogs or Teeth appear, it is very difficult to
determine by what Contrivance they are turned about, or what their real
Figure is, though they seem exactly to resemble Wheels moving round upon an
Axis....
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