The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)
Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Animals
The generative products in both cases are contained in sacs (Figs. 52, 53,
_g_) which lie in the lateral region of the body between the pouches of the
alimentary canal. The ova and spermatozoa are conveyed to the exterior by
short ducts. Most species are oviparous, though a few viviparous species
are known (e.g. _Prosorhochmus claparedii_).
CLASSIFICATION.—Nemertines were divided by M. Schultze[141] into:—
1. _Enopla_, in which the proboscis is armed with stylets.
2. _Anopla_, in which the proboscis is unarmed.
Although this classification was fairly correct as far as it went, since
many other distinctive features were correlated with the presence or
absence of armature in the proboscis, still there are several primitive
forms belonging to the _Anopla_, which possess characters such as render it
necessary to class them together in a separate group.
For this reason Hubrecht divided the Nemertinea into three
Orders—_Hoplonemertea_, _Schizonemertea_, _Palaeonemertea_; the first of
these Orders corresponding with the _Enopla_, and the other two with the
_Anopla_.
{110}ORDER I. HOPLONEMERTEA.
The proboscis is armed. The epidermis rests on a thick layer of connective
tissue plentifully supplied with glands, below which is a prominent
basement membrane. The muscular layers of the body are two in number, an
outer circular and an inner longitudinal. The nerve-trunks lie within the
muscular layers of the body and give off regularly-arranged branches. There
is no nerve plexus. Each of the cephalic slits generally opens by a pore
situated in the centre of a transverse groove, which is beset along one
side by a row of shorter grooves at right angles to it. The apparatus
consists of a ciliated duct surrounded by nerve tissue, and passing into
lobes of tissue which are connected with the brain by thick nerve-cords.
The mouth opens rather far forward in front of the brain. The intestinal
pouches are symmetrically arranged. Auditory organs are said to exist in
some forms, consisting of vesicles containing otoliths. The vascular trunks
are connected anteriorly by closed vessels and not by lacunar spaces.
[Illustration: FIG. 57.—Anterior end of the everted proboscis
(Hoplonemertea). _g.p_, Glandular portion of the proboscis; _l.s_, lateral
sacs containing stylets; _m.p_, muscular portion of the proboscis; _s_,
stylet; _s.b_, granular basal portion of stylet.]
The principal British genera and species[142] are:—
_Amphiporus bioculatus_ M‘Int., _A. dissimulans_ Riches, _A. hastatus_
M‘Int., _A. lactifloreus_ M‘Int., _A. pulcher_ Johnst.
_Drepanophorus rubrostriatus_ Hubr. (= _A. spectabilis_ Qtrf.).
_Tetrastemma ambiguum_ Riches, _T. candidum_ O. F. Müll., _T. dorsale_
Abildg., _T. flavidum_ Ehrenb., _T. immutabile_ Riches, _T.
melanocephalum_ Johnst., _T. nigrum_ Riches, _T. robertianae_ M‘Int., _T.
vermiculatum_ Qtrf.
_Prosorhochmus claparedii_ Keferstein.
_Nemertes carcinophila_ Köll., _N. gracilis_ Johnst., _N. neesii_ Oerst.
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