The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 02 (of 10)
Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Animals
The power possessed by Nemertines of secreting mucus is very great, their
course being often traceable by the tracks which they leave behind them.
Many of them glide along with great rapidity, a mode of progression which
is probably due to the {115}cilia covering the whole outer skin, and to the
extreme contractility of the muscles of the body-wall. In some locomotion
is effected by the proboscis; this is protruded and attaches itself by
means of its spines to some foreign body, after which the body is drawn up
after it. This has been specially observed in a land form, _Tetrastemma
agricola_, discovered by Willemoes-Suhm in the Bermudas. On solid bodies
the movement is a kind of crawling action, the head and mouth acting as
suckers in much the same way as in many Leeches.
Most Nemertines can be very readily kept in confinement. The chief apparent
effect of such a life is a loss of colour, the animal gradually becoming
pallid in hue. Owing also to the absence of proper food they diminish very
much in size, though even when all food is kept away an animal will
sometimes continue to live as long as eighteen months.
FOOD.—Nemertines are carnivorous in their habits and are very voracious,
devouring any prey which comes in their way, whether it be living or dead.
No animal food seems to come amiss to them, and they will devour creatures
of considerable size. When in contact with its prey, the Nemertine dilates
its mouth to a large extent, and the anterior end of the oesophagus is
thrust out and engulfs the animal. Chaetopods form a favourite food
material, the whole animal being swallowed quite regardless of the hard
chitinous bristles and spines with which it is beset. The soft parts are
gradually digested, the bristles and other indigestible portions being
extruded by the anus. The larger spines often pass out by perforating
passages through the wall of the intestine and through the body-wall. The
aperture thus formed appears speedily to heal after the foreign body has
been extruded.
The carnivorous habits of Nemertines even extend to cannibalism, and when
kept in confinement they frequently devour one another. For this reason it
is unsafe to keep large and small kinds together, as the small ones
speedily disappear, being used as food material by the large. If one be
divided into several pieces, the pieces are very rapidly demolished by
other individuals.
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