(_b_) The _Pontic province_ extends from Western Austria to the Sea of Azof, and includes Austria, Hungary, Roumania, the Balkan peninsula (so far as it does not form part of the Mediterranean sub-region), the islands of the Greek Archipelago, southern Russia and the Crimea, and Asia Minor. It thus practically corresponds to the whole Danube basin, together with the lands bordering on the Black Sea, except at the extreme east, which belongs to the Caucasian sub-region. Fischer separates off Greece, Asia Minor (except the northern coast-line), and the intervening islands, with Crete and Cyprus, as constituting a portion (Hellado-Anatolic) of the Mediterranean sub-region proper. These districts, however, appear to possess scarcely sufficient individuality to warrant their separate consideration. A prominent characteristic of the Pontic Mollusca is the great abundance of _Clausilia_ and _Buliminus_. In the islands east and west of Greece _Clausilia_ forms a large proportion of the fauna, each island, however small, possessing its own peculiar forms. The Helices belong principally to the groups _Campylaea_ (which is very abundant in Austro-Hungary), _Pomatia_ (Greece and Asia Minor), and _Anchistoma_. _Macularia_ is comparatively scarce, but is represented in Greece by one very large form (_Codringtonii_ Gray). _Zonites_ proper has its metropolis in this sub-region, and the Danube basin contains one or two species of _Melania_ and _Lithoglyphus_. _Buliminus_ is abundant throughout the sub-region, in the sub-genera _Zebrina_, _Napaeus_, _Mastus_, and _Chondrula_. Several striking forms of _Zebrina_ (_Ena_) are peculiar to the Crimea. (_c_) _The Caucasian Province._--The limits of this province can hardly be exactly defined at present. It appears, however, to include the whole line of the Caucasus range, Armenia, and North Persia. The land Mollusca are abundant and interesting. Among the carnivorous genera are four species of _Daudebardia_, a _Glandina_, and three peculiar forms of naked slug, _Pseudomilax_, _Trigonochlamys_, and _Selenochlamys_. There is a single _Parmacella_, the same species as the Mesopotamian, and a good many forms of _Limax_. _Vitrina_ and _Hyalinia_ are well represented, and the predominant groups of _Helix_ are _Euloto_, _Cartusiana_, _Xerophila_, and _Fruticocampylaea_, the last being peculiar. _Clausilia_ and _Pupa_ are rich in species, together with _Buliminus_ of the _Chondrula_ type. One _Clausilia_ of the _Phaedusa_ section, together with a _Macrochlamys_ (Transcaspian only), a _Corbicula_, and a _Cyclotus_, show marked traces of Asiatic affinity. There is one species each of _Acicula_ and _Cyclostoma_, and one of _Pomatias_.