_Tasmania._--About 80 species of land Mollusca are known, not more than 10 being common with Australia. No land operculates occur; _Endodonta_ and _Charopa_ are rare, and _Hadra_ has entirely disappeared, but _Pupa_ and _Succinea_ occur. Carnivorous genera are represented by _Paryphanta_, _Rhytida_, and _Rhenea_. _Anoglypta_ is a peculiar section of _Helix_, while _Caryodes_, _Cystopelta_, and _Helicarion_ are common with Australia. Among the fresh-water Mollusca are a _Gundlachia_ (see p. 345), and some forms of _Amnicola_ or _Hydrobia_, one of which (_Potamopyrgus_) is common only with New Zealand.[373] _The Neozealanian Province._--The Mollusca of New Zealand, with the Kermadec, Chatham, and Auckland Is., are remarkably isolated. Such genera as _Nanina_, _Partula_, _Pupa_, _Stenogyra_, _Succinea_, _Vaginula_, _Truncatella_, _Helicina_, and _Navicella_, which might have been expected to occur, are entirely absent. The bulk of the land Mollusca are small and obscure forms, perhaps remains of a very early type, and appear to belong to the Zonitidae, neither _Patula_ nor _Helix_ occurring at all. The carnivorous forms are represented by _Schizoglossa_, a peculiar genus akin to _Daudebardia_, by _Paryphanta_, an extraordinary group of large shells with a thick leathery epidermis, and by _Rhytida_ and _Rhenea_. In spite of its extreme isolation, the general relations of the fauna are partly with New Caledonia, partly with E. Australia. The occurrence of _Placostylus_ has already been mentioned (p. 323), and three species of _Janella_, a genus which also occurs in Queensland and New Caledonia, indicate the same affinity. _Otoconcha_ is peculiar. The fresh-water Mollusca, besides the _Isidora_ characteristic of the sub-region, are partly related to New Caledonia through the occurrence of _Melanopsis_, partly to Tasmania through _Potamopyrgus_, while the peculiar _Latia_ is possibly akin to _Gundlachia_ (Tasmania). The land operculates number only 5 genera and 14 species in all, excluding a doubtful _Diplommatina_.[374] _Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Neozealanian Province_ Schizoglossa 1 Paryphanta 5 Rhytida 6 Rhenea 2 Helicarion 1 Otoconcha 1 Microcystis 1 Trochonanina 1 Phacussa 3 Thalassohelix 5 Gerontia 2 Allodiscus 10 Pyrrha 1 Therasia 7 Phenacohelix 3 Suteria 1 Flammulina 13 Laoma 23 Endodonta 10 Charopa 28 Placostylus 1 Carthaea 1 Tornatellina 1 Janella 3 Latia 2 Ancylus 2 Limnaea 5 Amphipeplea 2 Planorbis 1 Isidora 7 Melanopsis 2 Potamopyrgus 4 Paxillus 1 Lagochilus 7 Omphalotropis 1 Realia 4 Hydrocena 1 Unio 9 Sphaerium 1 Pisidium 2