The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)
Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Animals
Inoperculate 362 221 152 75
Operculate 252 242 100 23
It appears, then, that the proportion of operculate to inoperculate
species, while very high in Cuba (about 41 per cent of the whole),
reaches its maximum in Jamaica (where the operculates are actually in
a majority), begins to decline in San Domingo (about 40 per cent), and
continues to do so in Porto Rico, where they are not more than 24 per
cent of the whole. These operculates almost all belong to the families
Cyclostomatidae and Helicinidae, only two genera (_Aperostoma_ and
_Megalomastoma_) belonging to the _Cyclophorus_ group. Comparatively
few genera are absolutely peculiar to the islands, one or two species
of most of them occurring in Central or S. America, but of the several
hundreds of operculate species which occur on the islands, not two
score are common to the mainland.
[Illustration:
Map to illustrate the
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
of the Land Mollusca of the
WEST INDIES.
_The red line marks the 100 fathom line._
London: Macmillan and C^ọ. _London: Stanford’s Geog^ḷ Estab^ṭ._]
The next special feature of the sub-region is a remarkable development
of peculiar sub-genera of _Helix_. In this respect the Antilles
present a striking contrast to both Central and S. America, where the
prime feature of the land Pulmonata is the profusion of _Bulimus_
and _Bulimulus_, and _Helix_ is relatively obscured. No less than 14
sub-genera of _Helix_, some of which contain species of almost unique
beauty and size, are quite peculiar to the Greater Antilles, and some
are peculiar to individual islands.
Here, too, is the metropolis of _Cylindrella_ (of which there are 130
species in Cuba alone), a genus which just reaches S. America, and
has a few species along the eastern sea-board of the Gulf of Mexico.
_Macroceramus_ and _Strophia_ are quite peculiar; the former, a genus
allied to _Cylindrella_, which attains its maximum in Cuba and San
Domingo, is scarcely represented in Jamaica, and disappears south of
Anguilla; the latter, a singular form, resembling a large _Pupa_ in
shape, which also attains its maximum in Cuba, is entirely wanting
in Jamaica, and has its last representative in S. Croix. One species
irregularly occurs at Curaçao.
The carnivorous group of land Mollusca are represented by several
peculiar forms of _Glandina_, which attain their maximum in Jamaica and
Cuba, but entirely disappear in the Lesser Antilles.
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