The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)
Cooke, A. H. (Alfred Hands)
Animals
It appears not to bite the worm up before swallowing it, but contrives,
in the most remarkable manner, to take down whole worms apparently
much too large for its stomach. Mr. Butterell relates[123] that, after
teasing a specimen of _T. Maugei_, and making it emit a quantity of
frothy mucus from the respiratory aperture, he procured a worm of about
three inches long, and rubbed the worm gently across the head of the
_Testacella_. The tongue was rapidly extended, and the victim seized.
The odontophore was then withdrawn, carrying with it the struggling
worm, which made every effort to escape, but in vain; in about five
minutes all had disappeared except the head, which was rejected. This
protrusion of the tongue (_radula_) and indeed of the whole pharynx,
is a very remarkable feature in the habits of the animal. It appears,
as it were, to harpoon its prey by a rapid thrust, and when the victim
is once pierced by a few of the powerful sickle-shaped teeth (compare
chap. viii.) it is slowly but surely drawn into the oesophagus (Fig.
20).
Most gardeners are entirely ignorant of the character of _Testacella_,
and confuse it, if they happen to notice it at all, with the common
enemies of their tender nurslings. Cases have been known, however,
when an intelligent gardener has kept specimens on purpose to kill
worms in ferneries or conservatories. In some districts these slugs
are very numerous; Lacaze-Duthiers once dug 182 specimens from a good
well-manured piece of ground whose surface measured only ten square
yards.
Towards the end of September or beginning of October the period of
hibernation begins. I infer this from the behaviour of specimens kept
in captivity, which, for about a fortnight before this time, gorged
themselves inordinately on as many worms as I chose to put into their
box, and then suddenly refused food, buried themselves deeply in the
earth, and appeared no more during the winter. The eggs are apparently
much less numerous than is the case with _Limax_ or _Helix_, and very
large, measuring about ⅙ inch in diameter. They are enveloped in a
remarkably tough and elastic membrane, and, if dropped upon any hard
surface, rebound several inches, just like an india-rubber ball.
The animal creeps rather rapidly, and has the power of elongating
its body to a remarkable extent. When placed on the surface of the
ground, in the full light of day, it soon betrays uneasiness, and
endeavours to creep into concealment. Its method of burying itself is
very interesting to watch. It first elongates its neck and inserts its
head into the soil; gradually the body begins to follow, while the tail
tilts upwards into the air. No surface motion of the skin, no writhing
or wriggling motion of any kind occurs; the creature simply works its
way down in a stealthy and mysterious way, until at last it is lost to
view.
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