The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)Warburton, Cecil
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)
Warburton, Cecil
Animals
=Fam. 3. Homolidae.=—The eyes and antennules are not retractile into
orbits. Only the last pair of thoracic limbs are reduced, the sixth pair
of pleopods altogether absent. _Homola_ and _Latreillia_, widely
distributed, occur in the Mediterranean. _Latreillopsis_ from the
Pacific. _L. petterdi_,[151] a magnificent species, with the carapace
nearly a foot long, and with very long legs like a Spider-crab, has been
dredged from 800 fathoms east of Sydney, New South Wales.
=Tribe 2. Oxystomata.=
This group comprises Crabs whose carapace is more or less circular,
while the mouth, instead of being square as in the remaining Brachyura,
is triangular with the apex pointing forward, and the third maxillipedes
are not expanded into the flattened, lid-like structures found in other
Crabs. There is the same tendency in some of the genera for the
posterior thoracic limbs to be reduced and carried dorsally, as in the
Galatheidae and Dromiacea. The well-known _Dorippe_ from the
Mediterranean has this feature, and frequently carries an empty shell
upon its back, and _Cymonomus_[152] presents the same peculiarity.
[Illustration:
FIG. 127.—_Cymonomus granulatus_, × 1. _A.1_, _A.2_, 1st and 2nd
antennae; _E_, eye-stalk; _S_, extra-orbital spine of carapace.
(After Lankester.)
]
_Cymonomus granulatus_ (Fig. 127) is an abyssal form that has been
dredged from the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, in which the
eye-stalks are curiously tuberculated, and the ommatidia of the eye are
entirely unpigmented and degenerate, though a few corneal facets are
still recognisable. This species is replaced by _C. quadratus_ in the
Caribbean Sea and by _C. normani_ on the East African coast, in which
the alteration of the eye-stalks into thorny, beak-like projections
becomes progressively marked, and all traces even of the corneal facets
disappear. This remarkable genus was mentioned in the excursus on
Crustacean eyes on p. 149.
[Illustration:
FIG. 128.—_Calappa granulata_, from in front, × ½. _C_, Hand of
chelipede; _T_, walking legs. (After Garstang.)
]
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