The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)Warburton, Cecil
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)
Warburton, Cecil
Animals
The existence of a facial suture in _Trinucleus_ has likewise been
disputed. But Emmerich, Salter, and M‘Coy[181] have maintained that a
suture is present in a normal position on the dorsal surface, extending
from the posterior margin just within the genal angle to the eye (when
present), and from thence bending forward and ending on the front margin
near the glabella. It must be admitted that no indications of the suture
are seen in the majority of specimens, perhaps owing to the fact that
most examples of _Trinucleus_ are in the form of internal casts; perhaps
also to the more or less complete coalescence of the fixed and free
cheeks, since in no specimen has the free cheek been found separated
from the rest of the head, as occurs not uncommonly in many other
Trilobites. The probability of the existence of a suture receives some
support from the fact that one is found in the allied genera
_Orometopus_ and _Ampyx_ (Fig. 140). Barrande and Oehlert deny its
existence in _Trinucleus_. There is, however, in that genus a suture
running close to the margin of the cephalic border,[182] and joining the
genal angle so as to cut off the genal spine. Lovén and Oehlert claim
that this suture represents the facial suture, but in an abnormal
position; this view, however, is not accepted by Beyrich. In this
connection it should be noted that in _Acidaspis_, whilst the majority
of the species possess a facial suture, there are two in which it has
disappeared owing to the fusion of the fixed and free cheeks. Such being
the case, it seems not improbable that the curved line passing backwards
from the eye in _Harpes_ may mark the position of the suture; but it is
stated that the only suture present in that form runs at the margin of
the cephalic border, and is similar to that of _Trinucleus_. This matter
will be referred to again when discussing the nature of the eyes in
_Trinucleus_ and _Harpes_.
The relative sizes of the fixed and free cheeks obviously depend on the
position of the facial suture; when this starts on the lateral margin of
the cephalic shield and passes forward to the outer part of the front
margin, the free cheek will be a narrow strip; when, on the other hand,
the suture starts from the posterior margin and runs close to the
glabella, the free cheek will be relatively large and the fixed cheek
narrow. The fixed cheek is small in _Phacops_, _Cheirurus_, and
_Illaenus_; relatively large in _Remopleurides_, _Phillipsia_, and
_Stygina_. It was suggested by M‘Coy[183] that the free cheek represents
the pleura of an anterior segment which has not become fused with the
other cephalic pleurae. The fixed cheek appears to be formed of the
coalesced pleurae of the other cephalic segments, but of those pleurae
the only indication seen in adult specimens is in the neck-ring; in
young specimens of _Olenellus_, however, the presence of other pleurae
is indicated by furrows on the cheeks in front of the neck-furrow.
[Illustration:
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