The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)Warburton, Cecil
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)
Warburton, Cecil
Animals
Some Trilobites possess no eyes. Well-known examples of such are
_Agnostus_, _Microdiscus_, _Ampyx_, _Conocoryphe_, and some species of
_Illaenus_ and _Trinucleus_; such blind Trilobites are almost confined
to the Cambrian and Ordovician periods. All the forms of later periods,
with the exception of a species of _Ampyx_, and possibly one or two
other species, possess eyes. In addition to those undoubtedly blind
forms Lindström considers that most of the Olenidae and Paradoxidae were
without eyes. Many of the members of these families possess a lobe
closely resembling a palpebral lobe, and a corresponding excavation in
the free cheek; such forms have been generally regarded as possessing
eyes; and the absence of any indication of lenses in those cases, on
which Lindström lays stress, has been explained by the comparatively
imperfect preservation of these early Trilobites. The development of the
supposed eye-lobe in some of the Paradoxidae and Olenidae differs from
that of the eyes in other families of Trilobites. In the latter the eye
appears first at the margin of the head and always in connexion with the
facial suture. But in _Olenellus_, in which there is said to be no
facial suture, development shows that the crescentic eye-like lobe (Fig.
145, E) is really of the nature of a pleura coming off from the base of
the first segment of the glabella. In _Paradoxides_, which resembles
_Olenellus_ in many respects, a facial suture is present and forms the
outer boundary of the eye-like lobe, but it is developed subsequently to
the appearance of the latter, which seems to be similar to that of
_Olenellus_. In some genera of the Olenidae the eye-line, which comes
off from the first segment of the glabella, ends in some cases in a
swelling or knob which has hitherto been regarded as a palpebral lobe,
but according to Lindström’s view no trace of an eye has been found in
connexion with that lobe, nor is there any space between the lobe and
the free cheek in which the eye could have occurred. If this view is
correct it follows that the majority of the Cambrian Trilobites were
blind. The earliest genus with eyes would then be _Eurycare_ found in
the _Olenus_ beds of the Upper Cambrian. _Sphaerophthalmus_ and
_Ctenopyge_, found in the higher beds of the Cambrian, also possessed
eyes, but _Olenus_ and _Parabolina_ were probably blind.
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