(ii.) The PHRYNICHINAE belong to the Old World, being found in Africa, India, and Ceylon. _Phrynichus_, _Titanodamon_ and _Nanodamon_ are genera of this sub-family. (iii.) The CHARONTINAE are natives of South-East Asia and the Pacific Islands. There are five genera and eight species. CHAPTER XIII ARACHNIDA EMBOLOBRANCHIATA (_CONTINUED_)—ARANEAE—EXTERNAL STRUCTURE— INTERNAL STRUCTURE. =Order III. Araneae.= (ARANEIDA,[256] ARANEINA.) _Arachnida breathing by tracheae and “lung-books.” Cephalothorax and pedicellate abdomen, the latter usually soft, and only very rarely showing any traces of segmentation. Two-jointed non-chelate chelicerae, the distal joint bearing the orifice of a poison-gland. The tarsal joint of the male pedipalp develops a sexual organ. The abdomen is furnished with spinning mammillae._ The true Spiders can readily be distinguished from allied Arachnid groups, with which they are often popularly confounded, by the presence of a narrow constriction or “waist” between the cephalothorax and abdomen, and of a group of “spinnerets” or external spinning organs beneath the hind portion of the body. Thus the so-called “Harvest-spider” or “Harvestman” is clearly not a Spider, for there is no constriction of its body into two parts, nor does it possess any spinnerets. It belongs to the Phalangidea. The same considerations will exclude the “Red Spider” of popular nomenclature, which must be referred to the Acarina or Mites. The Araneae, even as at present known, form a very extensive and widely-distributed order of animals. Compared with certain insect orders, they have received little attention from the collector, and the number of known forms is certain to be very largely increased. They form an extremely compact and natural group, for though, within the order, there is an infinite variety of detail, their uniformity in essential points of structure is remarkable, and they are sharply marked off from the neighbouring groups of Arachnida. [Illustration: FIG. 172.—_Epeira angulata._ ♀. ] It is perhaps unfortunate that the obtrusiveness of particularly unattractive specimens of the race has always caused spiders to be regarded with more or less aversion. This prejudice can hardly fail to be modified by a wider acquaintance with these animals. There are certainly few groups which present points of greater interest in respect to their adaptation to special modes of life and the ingenuity displayed in the construction of their nests and the ensnaring of their prey.