The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)Warburton, Cecil
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)
Warburton, Cecil
Animals
For the most part they consist of fine irregular lines running in all
directions between the twigs of bushes or among the stems of grass and
herbage. One large and important genus, _Linyphia_, always constructs a
horizontal sheet of irregular threads with a maze of silk above it. Such
snares may be seen in myriads in the wayside hedges during the summer,
and they are especially notable objects when heavily laden with dew.
Insects impeded in their flight by the maze of threads drop into the
underlying sheet, and are soon completely entangled. The spider usually
runs _beneath_ the sheet in an inverted position.
The sheet or hammock of silk is absent in the case of most of the other
genera of this family, their snares being innocent of any definite
method in their structure. They are frequently quite contiguous, and it
is no uncommon thing to find a holly bush completely covered with a
continuous network of threads, the work of a whole colony of the pretty
little spider _Theridion sisyphium_.
As might be imagined from the simplicity or absence of design in the
structure of the net, there appears to be very little complexity in the
nature of the silk used. It is interesting, however, to find that viscid
globules, not unlike those which stud the “spiral line” of the
Epeiridae, are sometimes present in the snares of the Line-weavers,[277]
and in these, too, aggregate glands are present. There is a large spider
of this family, _Theridion tepidariorum_, which may be found to a
certainty in almost any hothouse in this country. In its snare, which is
of the ordinary irregular type, F. Pickard-Cambridge has observed little
patches of flocculent silk, calculated to render more certain the
entanglement of prey, and he has further described a curious comb-like
structure on the hind leg of the animal which is probably used in the
production of this phenomenon. It is by no means unlikely that a more
careful study of these apparently simple snares will lead to the
discovery of further complexity of structure.
[Illustration:
FIG. 193.—Snare of _Uloborus_ sp., some of the lines being thickened
with threads from the cribellum. (After M‘Cook.)
]
_Uloborus_, a cribellate genus which has an Epeirid-like, orbicular
snare, decorates some of the lines with the produce of the cribellate
glands, but viscid globules are absent.
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