The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)Warburton, Cecil
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 04 (of 10)
Warburton, Cecil
Animals
A few of our indigenous species may be mentioned as especially protected
by their colour and conformation. _Tibellus oblongus_ is a
straw-coloured spider with an elongated body, which lives among dry
grass and rushes. When alarmed it clings closely to a dry stem, remains
motionless, and escapes observation by its peculiarity of colour and
shape. _Misumena vatia_, another of the Thomisidae or Crab-spiders,
approximates in colour to the flowers in which it is accustomed to lurk
on the watch for prey. It is of a variable hue, generally yellow or
pink, and some observers believe that they have seen it gently waving
its anterior legs in a way which made them easily mistaken for the
stamens of the flower stirred by the breeze. Its purpose appears to be
to deceive, not its enemies, but its victims. It seems to be partial to
the blooms of the great mullein (_Verbascum thapsus_), and
Pickard-Cambridge has more than once seen it seize and overcome a bee
which had visited the flower in search of honey. He has also observed it
in the blossoms of rose and furze bushes.[295]
An Epeirid (_Tetragnatha extensa_) resembles _Tibellus_ in its method of
concealing itself when alarmed. It also possesses an elongated abdomen,
of a grey-green tint, which it closely applies to one of the twigs among
which it has stretched its net, at the same time extending its four long
anterior legs straight before it, and in this position it lies _perdu_,
and is very easily overlooked. Another Orb-weaver, _Epeira cucurbitina_,
is of an apple-green colour, which is admirably calculated to conceal it
among the leaves which surround its snare.
Most of our English Attidae, or Jumping-spiders, imitate closely the
prevailing tone of the surfaces on which they are accustomed to hunt.
This will be recognised in the familiar striped Wall-spider, _Salticus
scenicus_, and we may also mention the grey _Attus pubescens_, which
affects stone walls, and the speckled _Attus saltator_, which is hardly
distinguishable from the sand which it searches for food.
Examples may also be found among the Lycosidae or Wolf-spiders. Of the
prettily variegated _Lycosa picta_, Pickard-Cambridge says: “Much
variation exists in the extent of the different portions of the pattern
and in their depth of colouring, these often taking their prevailing
tint from the colour of the soil in which the spider is found. The best
marked, richest coloured, and largest examples are found on sandy and
gravelly heaths, where there is considerable depth and variety of
colouring.... But on the uniformly tinted greyish-yellow sandhills
between Poole and Christchurch I have found a dwarf, pale yellow-brown
variety, with scarcely any dark markings on it at all, the legs being of
a uniform hue, and wholly destitute of dark annuli.”[296]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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