The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)Sedgwick, Adam
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)
Sedgwick, Adam
Animals
The eggs of some insects are fairly transparent, and the process of
development in them can, to a certain extent, be observed by simple
inspection with the microscope; a method that was used by Weismann in his
observations on the embryology of _Chironomus_. There is a moth (_Limacodes
testudo_), that has no objection to depositing its eggs on glass
microscope-slides. These eggs are about a millimetre long, somewhat more
than half that width, are very flat, and the egg-shell or chorion is very
thin and perfectly transparent. When first laid the contents of this egg
appear nearly homogeneous and evenly distributed, a finely granular
appearance being presented throughout; but in {153}twenty-four hours a
great change is found to have taken place. The whole superficial contents
of the egg are at that time arranged in groups, having the appearance of
separate rounded or oval masses, pressed together so as to destroy much of
their globular symmetry. The egg contents are also divided into very
distinct forms, a granular matter, and a large number of transparent
globules, these latter being the fatty portion of the yolk; these are
present everywhere, though in the centre there is a space where they are
very scanty, and they also do not extend quite to the circumference. But
the most remarkable change that has taken place is the appearance in the
middle of the field of an area different from the rest in several
particulars; it occupies about one-third of the width and one-third of the
length; it has a whiter and more opaque appearance, and the fat globules in
it are fewer in number and more indistinct. This area is afterwards seen to
be occupied by the developing embryo, the outlines of which become
gradually more distinct. Fig. 83 gives an idea of the appearance of the egg
about the middle period of the development. In warm weather the larva
emerges from this egg ten or eleven days after it has been deposited.
[Illustration: FIG. 83.—A, Egg of _Limacodes testudo_ about the middle of
the development of the embryo; B, micropyles and surrounding sculpture of
chorion.]
The period occupied by the development of the embryo is very different in
the various kinds of Insects; the blowfly embryo is fully developed in less
than twenty-four hours, while in some of the Orthoptera the embryonic stage
may be prolonged through several months. According to Woodworth the
blastoderm in _Vanessa antiopa_ is complete in twenty-four hours after the
deposition of the egg, and the involution of the ventral plate is
accomplished within three days of deposition.
METAMORPHOSIS.
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