The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)Sedgwick, Adam
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 05 (of 10)
Sedgwick, Adam
Animals
Every Insect after leaving the egg undergoes during the process of growth
castings of the skin, each of which is called a moult or ecdysis. Taking
for our present purpose five as the number of ecdyses undergone by both the
locust and butterfly, we may express the differences in the successions of
change we portray in Figs. 84 and 85 by saying that previous to the first
ecdysis the two Insects are moderately dissimilar, that the locust
undergoes a moderate change before reaching the fifth ecdysis, and
undergoes another moderate change at this moult, thus reaching its perfect
condition by a slight, rather gradual series of {157}alterations of form.
On the other hand, the butterfly undergoes but little modification,
remaining much in the condition shown by A, Fig. 85, till the fourth, or
penultimate, ecdysis, but then suffers a complete change of form and
condition, which apparently is only inferior to another astonishing change
that takes place at the fifth or final moult. The chief, though by no means
the only, difference between the two series consists in the fact that the
butterfly has interposed between the penultimate and the final ecdyses a
completely quiescent helpless condition, in which it is deprived of
external organs of sense, locomotion, and nutrition; while in the locust
there is no loss of these organs, and such quiescent period as exists is
confined to a short period just at the fifth ecdysis. The changes exhibited
by the butterfly are called "complete metamorphosis," while this phenomenon
in the locust is said to be "incomplete." The Insect with complete
metamorphosis is in its early stage called a larva, and in the quiescent
state a pupa. The adult state in both butterfly and locust is known as
imago or perfect Insect.
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