time; but that helplessness is itself only gradually acquired by the royal pair, who at first are able to shift for themselves, and produce a few workers without any assistance. ANOMALOUS FORMS.—Müller has described a _Calotermes_ under the name of _C. rugosus_, which is interesting on account of the peculiar form of the young larva, and of the changes by which it subsequently becomes similar in form to other species of the genus. We represent the development of this larva in Fig. 237. We may call attention to the fact that this figure illustrates the large size of the paunch, which is so extraordinary in some of the states of the Termitidae. It will be recollected that the genus _Calotermes_ is destitute of workers. There is another genus, _Anoplotermes_, in which the reverse condition prevails, and the soldier is absent; this is the only case yet known in which such a state of affairs exists. {383}The species is called _A. pacificus_ by Fritz Müller; it differs from other Termitidae in possessing a proventriculus destitute of triturating ridges. The nests of this species are utilised by a little _Eutermes_ (_E. inquilinus_ Müller) for its own advantage; whether by first destroying the _Anoplotermes_ or whether by merely taking possession of the nests abandoned by their owners is not known. It is a most remarkable fact that the _Eutermes_ resembles the _Anoplotermes_ so extremely that the two can scarcely be distinguished, though anatomically they are quite different. The resemblance is indeed so great that it deceived Von Jhering into supposing that the two genera were alternate generations of a single species, one generation possessing soldiers, the other being without them. Subsequently, by anatomical investigation, he recognised[299] the error into which he had fallen—an error that, under such peculiar circumstances, was quite pardonable. [Illustration: FIG. 237.—Changes in external form of the young larva of _Calotermes rugosus_. A, Newly hatched with nine joints in antennae, × 8; B, older larva with ten joints, × 8; C, next stage with eleven joints, × 8; D, larva with twelve joints; the position of the parts of the alimentary canal are shown—_v_, crop; _m_, stomach; _b_, paunch; _e_, intestine; _r_, dorsal vessel, × 16/3 (After Fritz Müller.)] Hagen has suggested[300] that _Hodotermes japonicus_ never produces winged forms. Very little, however, is actually known as to this species.