The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)Sharp, David
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)
Sharp, David
Animals
_Crabro leucostomus_ has been observed by Fletcher to form cells for its
larvae in the soft wood of broken willows: the food stored therein consists
of two-winged flies of the family Dolichopodidae. This _Crabro_ is
parasitised by an Ichneumonid of the genus _Tryphon_, and by a two-winged
fly of uncertain genus, but belonging to the family Tachinidae. The
metamorphoses of _Crabro chrysostomus_ have been briefly described by
Verhoeff: the food stored consists of Diptera, usually of the family
{130}Syrphidae; the larva spins an orange-red cocoon, passes the winter
therein, and assumes the pupal form in the spring; there is, he says, a
segment more in the female pupa than there is in the male.
The species of the sub-genus _Crossocerus_ provision their nests with
Aphididae, but _C. wesmaeli_ makes use, for the purpose, according to
Ferton, of an elegant little fly of the family Tipulidae; according to
Pissot this same wasp also makes use of a species of _Typhlocyba_, a genus
of the Homopterous division of Rhynchota. Supposing there to be no mistake
as to this latter observation, the choice of Diptera and of Homoptera by
the same species indicates a very peculiar habit.
_Fertonius_ (_Crossocerus_) _luteicollis_ in Algeria forms cells at a
slight depth in sandy soil, and provisions them with ants. The ant selected
is _Tapinoma erraticum_, and the individuals captured are the wingless
workers. The mode of hunting has been described by Ferton; the wasp hovers
over one of the ant-paths at a distance of a few millimetres only above the
surface, and when an ant that is considered suitable passes, the
_Fertonius_ pounces on it, stings it, and carries it off to the burrow;
forty or fifty ants are accumulated in a cell, the egg is laid in the heap
of victims about one-third of the depth from the bottom; the resulting
larva sucks the ants one by one, by attaching itself to the thorax behind
the first pair of legs. There is a very interesting point in connection
with the habits of this species, viz. that the ants are not only alive, but
lively; they have, however, lost the power of co-ordinating the movements
of the limbs, and are thus unable to direct any attack against the feeble
larva. Ferton thinks there are three generations of this species in a
single year.
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