The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)Sharp, David
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 06 (of 10)
Sharp, David
Animals
Ptinidae are sometimes very destructive to dried animal matter, and attack
specimens in museums; Anobiides bore into wood, and apparently emerge as
perfect Insects only for a very brief period; _Anobium_ (_Sitodrepa_)
_paniceum_ is, however, by no means restricted in its tastes; it must
possess extraordinary powers of digestion, as we have known it to pass
several consecutive generations on a diet of opium; it has also been
reported to thrive on tablets of dried compressed meat; in India it is said
to disintegrate books; a more usual food of the Insect is, however, hard
biscuits; weevilly biscuits are known to every sailor, and the so-called
"weevil" is usually the larva of _A. paniceum_ (Fig. 127, B). In the case
of this Insect we have not detected more than one spiracle (situate on the
first thoracic segment); the other known larvae of Anobiides are said to
possess eight abdominal spiracles. The skeleton in some of this sub-family
is extremely modified, so as to allow the Insects to pack themselves up in
repose; the head is folded in over the chest, and a cavity existing on the
breast is thus closed by the head; in this cavity the antennae and the
prominent mouth-parts are received and protected; the legs shut together
{248}in an equally perfect manner, so that no roughness or chink remains,
and the creature looks like a little hard seed. _Anobium striatum_ is a
common Insect in houses, and makes little round holes in furniture, which
is then said to be "worm-eaten." _A._ (_Xestobium_) _tessellatum_, a much
larger Insect, has proved very destructive to beams in churches, libraries,
etc. These species are the "death-watches" or "greater death-watches" that
have been associated with the most ridiculous superstitions (as we have
mentioned in Volume V., when speaking of the lesser death-watches, or
Psocidae). The ticking of these Insects is really connected with sex, and
is made by striking the head rapidly against the wood on which the Insect
is standing.
The very anomalous genus _Ectrephes_ (Fig. 128) is found in ants' nests in
Australia. Westwood placed it in Ptinidae. Wasmann has recently treated it
as a distinct family, Ectrephidae, associating it with _Polyplocotes_ and
_Diplocotes_, and treating them as allied to Scydmaenidae.
[Illustration: Fig. 128—_Ectrephes kingi._ West Australia. (After
Westwood.)]
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