The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 07 (of 10)Boulenger, George Albert
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 07 (of 10)
Boulenger, George Albert
Animals
As an example of coloration which is both aggressive and alluring, the
Angler-Fish or Fishing-Frog (_Lophius piscatorius_) of our own coasts may
be quoted. Naturally sluggish and inactive in its habits, and often using
its muscular pectoral fins for crawling about the sea-bottom, the
Angler-Fish usually hides itself in the sand or amongst sea-weeds, which it
closely resembles in general colour. Curious branched tag-like processes of
soft skin fringe the sides of the head and body, and in appearance and
colour resemble the smaller fronds of the surrounding sea-weed. So far the
coloration is simply aggressive, and helps to conceal the Fish from its
prey, but in addition the animal is provided with a special device for
luring its prey within the reach of its capacious and Frog-like mouth. The
first three spines {174}of the dorsal fin are detached from one another and
greatly elongated, and moreover extend along the middle of the dorsal
surface of the head. The first, which is the longest, terminates in lobes
or lappets of skin, and can be freely moved in every direction by the
muscles inserted into its base. By the agitation of this lure or bait
smaller Fishes, probably mistaking the disturbance for the presence of a
wriggling worm, are tempted to their fate, and soon find themselves
engulfed in the enormous mouth of the artful angler.[144] In some allied
forms (e.g. _Ceratias bispinosus_ and _Oneirodes eschrichtii_)[145] which
live in the abyssal darkness of the deep sea, use is made of the attraction
which light has to aquatic animals, and the fishing-rod spine terminates in
a phosphorescent organ, which is probably used for enticing smaller Fishes
within the reach of the jaws of these singularly modified
Angler-Fishes.[146]
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