Of two which were kept in a jar with moist wood, one was especially brilliant, but within two weeks it assumed, in the middle of September, the characteristic coloration of the viridescent form. The two specimens were in the jar until the following July, when they were placed where they could enter the water. This they did with great readiness, and they remained submerged for a considerable time at first. The time under water increased in length, until within two or three days the pharyngeal respiration under water was fully established. On the other hand, viridescent specimens never reassume the red garb when kept out of the water. Red specimens entering the water in the spring, changed into the greenish form within a few weeks, and established the pharyngeal respiration, losing the ciliated oral epithelium. Branchiate larvae and the adult aquatic forms have non-ciliated {130}epithelium, and the cilia are re-established when a green specimen is forced again to live on land. Ciliation always exists in the red stage, and in the green stage before the newt has taken to the water. The cilia sweep towards the stomach. The three following South European species belong to the _Euproctus_ group, so called on account of the mostly conical, backward directed, and vividly coloured vent. _T. asper_ s. _pyrenaeus_.–The Pyrenean newt has hitherto been found only in the Pyrenees, for instance in Lac Bleu and Lac d'Oncet, which latter lies about 7000 feet above the level of the sea. According to Bedriaga,[63] it prefers lakes which are supplied during the whole summer with water from glaciers. It is very sluggish, only moving to breathe and when in search of food, which consists of worms and insects. The general colour is greenish brown, dark above; the under side of the head and body are bright orange red in the female, yellow in the male; dark spots separate this bright colour from the flanks. The tail has a narrow ventral stripe of bright red and yellow. The cloaca of the female is bright red, that of the male dull grey. The total length amounts to about 4 inches or 10 cm. The pairing time is the end of June, or later in cold seasons. The male gets hold of the female by forming a noose with its tail round her; it lies underneath, the cloacae being pressed together so that the spermatozoa can be taken in directly. The larvae have large yellow-green spots on the back and sides, and a bright red ventral tail-fin; when metamorphosed the greenish spots become more confluent on the back, producing a broad spinal band. Larvae which live in deep water are dark, while those in sunny places are light-coloured and spotted with yellow. _T. montanus_ in Corsica and _T. rusconii_ in Sardinia are allied forms, but the males are distinguished by a spur-like process or dilatation at the end of the fibula.