α. Fingers and toes webbed; terminal phalanges T-shaped and with adhesive broadened tips. Africa and India: .......... _Nectophryne_, p. 169. β. Fingers free, toes webbed; terminal phalanges simple, not dilated. Tympanum distinct. Java: .......... _Nectes_, p. 169. 3. Metasternum cartilaginous, sometimes ossified along the middle. Fingers free; toes more or less webbed; tips simple or dilated into very small discs: .......... _Bufo_, p. 169. B. Pupil a vertical slit. The epicoracoid cartilages are narrow and scarcely overlap. Omosternum absent except in _Cophophryne_. Vomerine teeth absent. Sacral diapophyses strongly dilated. The terminal phalanges are simple and the tips are pointed. _a._ Australian. Tympanum distinct. The metasternum is calcified along the middle: .......... _Myobatrachus_, p. 184. _b._ Mexican. Tympanum absent. Metasternum rudimentary: .......... _Rhinophrynus_, p. 185. _c._ Himalayan. Tympanum absent. Metasternum with a slender bony style: .......... _Cophophryne sikkimensis_. _Engystomops_ is interesting because it closely resembles the Cystignathoid genus _Paludicola_, and thereby seems to connect these two families. It differs from _Paludicola_ chiefly by the absence of teeth, by the moderately dilated sacral diapophyses and by the slightly swollen tips of the fingers and toes, the end-phalanges of which are, in one species, _E. petersi_, T- or anchor-shaped The tympanic disc is either distinct or hidden. The males have a large subgular vocal sac. The generic name refers to the small head with a prominent snout. Three species are known from Central America and Ecuador. _Pseudophryne_ appears to be another link with the Cystignathidae by its resemblance to the Australian genus _Crinia_, from which it differs by the absence of teeth and by the absence of an omosternum. The sacral diapophyses are but moderately dilated. The males have a flat oval gland on the hinder side of the thighs, and they are provided with a subgular vocal sac. The 3 or 4 species of this genus which live in Australia, both East and West, are not unlike _Bombinator_ in their general shape, short limbs and coloration. The skin of _P. australis_ and _P. bibroni_ is covered with small smooth warts and is blackish brown, while the under parts are blackish with large yellow {169}patches. Total length little more than one inch. Concerning the breeding habits, see p. 223.