_Platypelis_, _Cophyla_ and others. The sacral diapophyses are dilated. The pupil is either horizontal or vertical. Those which are provided with discs to the fingers and toes are climbers, and mostly slender and long-legged, sometimes of very small size, for instance _Cophyla_, the body of which is scarcely one inch in length. The genera can be determined by means of the following key:–[103] _A_. Pupil vertical. Palatine teeth in long transverse series. _a_. Precoracoids ossified. Tips of fingers and toes not dilated. Sternum very large. Madagascar .......... _Dyscophus._ Sternum small. Burmah .......... _Calluella._ _b_. Precoracoids not ossified. Tips dilated .......... _Plethodontohyla._ _B_. Pupil horizontal. _a_. Palatine teeth in long transverse series. α. Precoracoids ossified. Tips dilated. Fingers and toes free. Precoracoids entirely ossified .......... _Mantipus._ Fingers and toes webbed at the base. Precoracoids semi-ossified .......... _Platyhyla._ β. Precoracoids not ossified. Tips not dilated .......... _Phrynocara._ _b_. Palatine teeth in one or two small groups. Precoracoids ossified. Tips dilated. Two small groups of palatine teeth .......... _Platypelis._ One single group in the middle of the palate .......... _Cophyla._ No teeth on the palate .......... _Anodontohyla._ _Dyscophus antongili._–Madagascar. General appearance stout, with short legs and a wide mouth. Total length about 3 inches. The skin is mostly smooth, and forms a broad glandular fold which extends from the eye to the groin. The upper parts are beautiful magenta red, with a purplish streak beneath the lateral folds; the under parts are yellowish white, with minute grey specks. Red or pink colours, and the lateral folds, occur also in most of the other members of this family, for instance in the Indian genus _Calluella_. SUB-FAM. 3. GENYOPHRYNINAE.–_With very small teeth on the anterior portion of the lower jaw._ _Genyophryne thomsoni._–Pupil horizontal. Tongue oblong and entire. With teeth on the palatine bones, and a serrated transverse dermal ridge in front of the oesophagus. Sternum cartilaginous. Precoracoids absent. Sacral diapophyses moderately {237}dilated. Tympanum hidden. Head large and much depressed. Heel with a triangular dermal flap. The smooth skin is pink brown above, with blackish marks; a light line extends on each side from the eye along the back. Under parts black. About 32 mm. in length. Sudest Island, between New Guinea and the Louisiade Archipelago. FAM. 7. RANIDAE.–Frogs, in the true sense, are all well diagnosed as _Firmisternia, with cylindrical sacral diapophyses_. According to the presence or absence of teeth in the jaws they can be subdivided as follows:– SUB-FAM. 1. CERATOBATRACHINAE, with teeth in the upper and in the lower jaws. The sole representative is the genus _Ceratobatrachus_.