The terminal phalanges are generally bifurcated, rarely obtuse, and support well-developed adhesive discs. The fingers and toes are webbed to a variable extent. The two outer metatarsals are likewise connected by a web. The tympanum is distinct. The general appearance is that of tree-frogs, and many of them are green. The males have one or two internal vocal sacs. Not all the species have dermal appendages. _Rh. maximus_, for instance, the largest of all, living in the Himalayan forests, has none. A heel-flap occurs in some half-dozen Indian species; and _Rh. madagascariensis_ has these flaps on the heels and on the elbows. Some have queer little lappets above the vent, or on the edges of the arms and legs; in others the bend of the arm is fringed. The small size of these appendages, in comparison with the webs and discs, makes them practically useless so far as increase of surface is concerned, and they have most likely some other, although unknown meaning, especially the flaps over the vent. Lastly, in the majority of species the fingers are not more than half-webbed, or even less, and in a few only, the webs reach down to the discs. {246}Several species of this genus are remarkable for two reasons. First, the great enlargement of the fully-webbed hands and feet, which are then used as parachutes; secondly, the mode of propagation. Greatly exaggerated notions are, however, entertained about the parachutes, ever since Wallace's description[110] of the first "flying frog." The creature was brought to him in Borneo by a Chinese workman. "He assured me that he had seen it come down, in a slanting direction, from a high tree, as if it flew.... The body was about four inches long, while the webs of each hind-foot, when fully expanded, covered a surface of four square inches, and the webs of all the feet together about twelve square inches." [Illustration: FIG. 48.–_Rhacophorus pardalis_, × about 1. (From Wallace, _Malay Archipelago_.)] The species in question is _Rh. pardalis_, an inhabitant of Borneo and of the Philippine Islands. Specimens from Wallace's Collection are in the National Collection and the largest specimen {247}shows the following measurements. Total length 6.5 cm. or 2½ inches, not 4 inches. Area covered by one fully-expanded hand 3.4 square cm. " " " foot 6.0 " " ––– 9.4 square cm. _i.e._ for the four limbs 18.8 square cm. = about 3 square inches, and not 78 square cm. or 12 square inches. By some unfortunate oversight Wallace must have mixed up the total expanded area with that of the four hands and feet! In Brehm's _Thierleben_ the 78 square cm. have increased to 81 cm., and the artist has in the somewhat larger species _Rh. reinwardti_ improved upon this, and has produced a truly startling picture by a further exaggeration based upon the figure given by Wallace.