The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 08 (of 10)Gadow, Hans
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 08 (of 10)
Gadow, Hans
Animals
According to Boulenger's "Notes on the Edible Frog in England,"[116] the
individuals of _R. esculenta_ which live in Foulmire {266}Fen in
Cambridgeshire, near Stow Bedon, and between Thetford and Scoulton in
Norfolk, and are generally supposed to have been introduced from France,
belong to the Italian form of var. _lessonae_. "It used to be found in
Cambridgeshire, in Foulmire Fen, where it was discovered in 1844; and
Bell[117] assures us that his father, who was a native of Cambridgeshire,
had noticed the presence of these frogs many years before at Whaddon and
Foulmire, where they were known from their loud croak as 'Whaddon organs'
and 'Dutch nightingales.' The species was afterwards rediscovered in
Norfolk, between Thetford and Scoulton, where it is now still very
abundant, and from inquiries made by Lord Walsingham, must have existed for
the last seventy (80) years at least. These frogs belong to the var.
_lessonae_, and differ widely (by the much stronger inner metatarsal
tubercle) from those found in a few other places in Norfolk, which are
undoubtedly the descendants of a number imported from France and Belgium in
1837, 1841, and 1842, and turned loose in the Fens at Foulden and in the
neighbourhood.... Within the last ten years large numbers of all the three
forms have been imported from Brussels, Berlin, and Italy, and liberated in
various localities in West Surrey and Hampshire. Berlin specimens of the
var. _ridibunda_ have also been introduced in Bedfordshire, and Italian
ones in Oxfordshire."[118]
Leaving aside the question whether the so-called var. _lessonae_ is merely
sporadically developed out of the typical form, the inquiry of the possible
origin of the English specimens of the var. _lessonae_ is of special
interest. Have they been introduced, as has been suggested, from Lombardy,
or are they the last lingering descendants of native English frogs? The
suggestion as to their Italian origin has naturally lost in value since
similar specimens have been found in Belgium and near Paris; but we must
remember that there existed considerable intercourse between East Anglia
and the monks of Lombardy, who, to mention only one instance, came
regularly to the old Priory of Chesterton, near Cambridge, in order to
collect their rents. If the frogs were introduced by them for culinary
purposes into various suitable localities their descendants would remain as
local as they, and as the undoubtedly introduced French typical specimens
actually are. On the other {267}hand, if we assume the _lessonae_ specimens
to be the last living descendants of English natives, it is inconceivable
why they should now be restricted to that eastern corner while there are
hundreds of other suitable places in England and Wales which, if on the
Continent, would be perfect paradises for Water-frogs. The same vegetation,
the same insects, the same climate, and–an enormous advantage to the
frogs–no storks.
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