postorbital bone, thus taking a considerable share in the formation of the orbit. The quadrato-jugal is small, apparently fused with the quadrate, which itself is firmly overlaid by the squamosal. The quadrates are further fixed by being buttressed by the pterygoids, which rest upon short basisphenoid processes and extend far forwards, meeting the vomers and separating the palatines. The premaxillae are short, the nares small and terminal, the nasal bones are large. There is a small interparietal foramen. The teeth are acrodont and pointed, forming unbroken series on the premaxillaries, maxillaries, palatines and dentaries, and there are scattered little teeth on the vomers. _Palaeohatteria longicaudata_ from the Lower Red Sandstone of Saxony. Total length about 18 inches, with six cervical, twenty trunk, three or four sacral, and about fifty caudal vertebrae. The teeth are ankylosed with the supporting bones. The five fingers have 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 phalanges respectively. For the skull see Fig. 54, G, p. 280. _Telerpeton elginense_ from the Triassic sandstone of Scotland, and perhaps _Saurosternon_ of the South African Karroo sandstone seem to be allied. _Protorosaurus_ (πρῶτος = first, ὤρα = spring, or dawn, not _Proterosaurus_) apparently several species, e.g. _P. lincki_ in the Upper Permian (marl-slate and magnesian limestone) of Thuringia and Durham. About 4 or 5 feet long, and in its general appearance rather like a Monitor-lizard, with about eight cervical vertebrae, most of which carry slender backwardly-pointing ribs, sixteen long-ribbed trunk-vertebrae, followed by three or four {292}sacrals and more than thirty caudals, some of which have bifurcated spinous processes. SUB-ORDER 2. RHYNCHOCEPHALI.–The ventral pelvic bones resemble those of lizards and enclose a wide pubo-ischiadic foramen. There are only two sacral vertebrae. The abdominal ribs are closely packed, each transverse set consisting of only three rod-shaped pieces instead of many small oat-shaped nodules. The intercentra are sometimes suppressed in the trunk-region.