The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 08 (of 10)Gadow, Hans
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 08 (of 10)
Gadow, Hans
Animals
The whole column consists of twenty-five presacral, two sacral, and about
thirty caudal vertebrae. Some of the thoracic ribs have cartilaginous
uncinate processes. Three or four pairs of ribs join a typical sternum,
into the antero-lateral portion of which are let in the coracoids. The
sternum is raised into a low median crest which fuses with the posterior
branch of the {298}T-shaped interclavicle, while the lateral branches of
the latter fuse with the clavicles. The coracoids are broad and entire,
still without fenestrae or notches indicative of precoracoids. The
parasternum is very elaborate; it extends from the sternum to the pubic
bones, and consists of about twenty-four transverse rows, each of which is
composed of a median and two lateral splint-bones. They are irregularly
shaped, partly with imbricating hooks, and are firmly attached to, in fact
still connected with, the deeper portions of the cutaneous scales of the
belly. The three pairs of pelvic bones are fused together at the
acetabulum. Pubes and ischia each form one symphysis, and these are
connected with each other by partly ossified cartilage and ligaments, so
that the originally heart-shaped space is divided into a pair of ovals. The
lateral processes of the pubes are thick, but very short. The ischia have
postero-lateral processes. There is also a mostly cartilaginous, unpaired
hypo-ischium.
The fore- and hind-limbs are still primitive in structure; both
pentadactyle. The carpus consists of ten, sometimes eleven pieces,
according to the single or double nature of the central element. The
proximal series is formed by the radiale, intermedian, and ulnare, with a
pisiform. The ulna and radius remain separate. The humerus has the usual
ectepicondylar in addition to the entepicondylar foramen common to all the
Prosauri and Theromorpha. The hind-limbs are typically plantigrade.
The tail is capable of regeneration, as in many lizards.
The development of this reptile has recently been studied and described by
Howes,[123] who quotes the literature bearing upon the whole subject.
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