3. Malagasy, without either Apoda or Aglossa; with Firmisternal Anura only, chiefly Dyscophinae, and _Rhacophorus_ and other Raninae. 4. Papuasian, without Apoda, Aglossa, Dyscophinae, and Bufonidae, but with Pelobatidae and Ranidae. DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILIES AND SUB-FAMILIES OF THE AMPHIBIA. Aus. = Australian. N-t. = Neotropical. N-a. = Ne-arctic. Pal-arct. = Palae-arctic. Eth. = Ethiopian. Mal. = Malagasy. Ind. = Indian. Pap. = Papuasian. N.Z. = New Zealand. +––––––––––––––––––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+ | |Aus.|N–t.|N–a.|Pal–arct.|Eth.|Mal.|Ind.|Pap.|N.Z.| | | | | +––––+––––+ | | | | | | | | | | W. | E. | | | | | | +––––––––––––––––––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+ |Amphiumidae | | | + | | + | | | | | | |Salamandridae | | + | + | + | + | | | 1 | | | |Proteidae | | | + | + | | | | | | | |Sirenidae | | | + | | | | | | | | |Apoda | | + | | | | + | | + | | | |Aglossa | | + | | | | + | | | | | |Discoglossidae | | | | + | + | | | | | + | |Pelobatidae | | | + | + | | | | + | + | | |Bufonidae | + | + | + | + | + | + | | + | + | | |Hylinae | + | + | + | 1 | 1 | | | | | | |Amphignathodontinae | | + | | | | | | | | | |Hemiphractinae | | + | | | | | | | | | |Cystignathinae | + | + | 1 | | | | | | | | |Dendrophryniscinae | | + | | | | | | | | | |Genyophryninae | | | | | | | | | | | |Engystomatinae | | + | 1 | | | | + | + | + | | |Dyscophinae | | | | | | + | + | + | | | |Dendrobatinae | | + | | | | | × | | | | |Raninae | | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | | |Ceratobatrachinae | | | | | | | | | + | | +––––––––––––––––––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+––––+ 1 signifies the occurrence of only one species of an elsewhere numerous group. × _Mantella_, cf. p. 71 and p. 272. {78}CHAPTER IV STEGOCEPHALI OR LABYRINTHODONTS–LISSAMPHIBIA–APODA _SUB-CLASS I. STEGOCEPHALI OR PHRACTAMPHIBIA_ _With a considerable amount of dermal armour, especially on the head._