voice of the young is a feeble chirp; they are often trained, as they grow up, to act as guardians to the poultry of their owners. The flesh is coarse and dark, with a duck-like flavour. _Palamedea cornuta_, the Horned Screamer, found from Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia to Ecuador and Eastern Peru, is glossy black with an admixture of white on the crown, lesser wing-coverts, and carpal edge; greyish foreneck, white abdomen, brownish-grey bill, and ashy feet. The lores are feathered, and a long, slender, yellowish-white horn adorns the forehead. The female is said to have buff on the wing-coverts. _Chauna chavaria_ (_derbiana_ auctt.) occurs in Venezuela and Colombia; it is glossy slate-black with greyer head and occipital crest, white cheeks and throat, and a little white on the wing. The naked lores are pink, the bill and feet apparently red. _C. cristata_ (_chavaria_ auctt.) differs in being dark grey, with a black ring round the neck and whitish-grey cheeks and throat. This is the largest form, and is bigger than a Turkey; it ranges from South Brazil to Argentina, and shares with _Cariama_ (p. 258) the name of Crested Screamer. [Illustration: FIG. 32.–Chajá. _Chauna cristata._ × ⅒.] Fam. II. The Sub-Order ANSERES contains the single {111}cosmopolitan Family ANATIDAE, with the Swans, Geese, and Ducks; where, in spite of many attempts at subdivision, the lines of demarcation cannot yet be finally determined. Count Salvadori, however, having lately propounded a carefully-elaborated arrangement,[108] I have adopted his Sub-families in the present volume, viz. (1) _Merginae_, (2) _Merganettinae_, (3) _Erismaturinae_, (4) _Fuligulinae_, (5) _Anatinae_, (6) _Chenonettinae_, (7) _Anserinae_, (8) _Cereopsinae_, (9) _Plectropterinae_, (10) _Anseranatinae_, and (11) _Cygninae_.