_Argusianus argus_, the Argus Pheasant, has a short black crest; black, rufous, and buff plumage with white barring on the nape and tail-coverts; and enormously developed secondaries and median rectrices, covered respectively with large reddish-yellow and small white ocelli, which are margined with black; the naked cheeks and throat are blue, the bill is bluish-white, the feet are red. It inhabits the forests of the Indo-Malay mainland and Sumatra, the cock being said only to meet the hens occasionally, and to reserve an open spot for courting purposes, where he shows himself off by dancing before them with the tail and secondaries expanded into a large fan. This bird flies little, but runs with celerity, having a loud cry, feeding on vegetable matter and insects, nesting like the Pea-fowl, and laying similar eggs. _A. grayi_ of Borneo shows white on the mantle and much red on the breast, _A. bipunctatus_ is only known from an imperfect primary. The females lack the ocelli and elongated tail. _A._ {208}(_Rheinardtius_) _ocellatus_, of the Tonkin highlands, is brown with reddish markings and minute white dots; it has a hairy occipital crest, and exhibits fine red spots, with black white-eyed central rings, on the very long median rectrices and their upper coverts. In _Polyplectron_ (Peacock-Pheasant) the male has two or even three spurs on the metatarsus. _P. chinquis_ of the Indo-Chinese countries is brown, with whitish dots above and mottlings below; the head is black and white with naked yellowish sides; the upper plumage is adorned with large, round, metallic, purple-green ocelli, ringed successively with black, brown, and buff, of which the tail and its upper-coverts exhibit one on each web. _P. germaini_ of Cochin China has close-set light brown specks above, and a red face; _P. bicalcaratum_ of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra has the latter similarly coloured, with black and buff upper surface, a narrow purplish crest, and lateral rectrices with an "eye" only on the outer web; _P. schleiermacheri_ of Borneo has the crest curled forward, and blackish under parts with a white median band; whereas _P. nehrkornae_ of Paláwan, and the doubtfully distinct _P. napoleonis_, are entirely black below. As regards the duller females, _P. chinquis_ and _P. germaini_ have obscure ocelli on both webs of the lateral tail-feathers, the other species on the outer web only; moreover, _P. chinquis_, _P. schleiermacheri_, and _P. nehrkornae_ have none on the tail-coverts, the latter lacking the black blotches on the mantle found in _P. bicalcaratum_ and _P. schleiermacheri_. _P._ (_Chalcurus_) _inocellatus_ of Sumatra is brown and buff, with purple and black tints on the tail. Little is known of the habits, except in _P. chinquis_, which is apparently monogamous, and frequents thick hill-forests up to an altitude of five thousand feet. It feeds like the Peafowl, has a fine whistling call varied by a soft cluck, and will take refuge in trees,