The genus _Gallinago_ differs from the above in having longitudinal stripes on the head. _G. caelestis_, the Common or Full Snipe,[190] breeds in Northern and Central Europe and Asia, and even in North Italy; it is recorded from Greenland and the Bermudas, and migrates to the Atlantic Islands, the Gambia, the Upper Nile, and the Indian Region. Its brown, black, and buff plumage, with three buff streaks on the head, is well-known, while there are normally fourteen rectrices. _G. sabinii_ is merely a dark form. As regards its autumnal influx and food the Snipe resembles the Woodcock, but the cry of "scape-scape" and twisting {291}flight on rising, remain to be mentioned, while the alternate zig-zag rise and fall of the bird when circling in the air near its nest, with the curious drumming or bleating noise produced at each descent must not be omitted. The method of production of this sound is still uncertain, but is either due to the vibration of the wings, or more probably to that of the webs of the outer rectrices. The slight nest is formed in a tuft of herbage in some marshy place, the four pointed eggs being olive, with spots and oblique blotches of brown. Snipe occasionally perch on trees or squat upon the ground until touched. The very similar _G. delicata_ (_wilsoni_), breeding northwards from the northern United States, and migrating to northern South America, has usually sixteen rectrices, as have the six following species. _G. major_, the Double or Solitary Snipe, nests as far south in Europe as Holland and Poland, and reaches the Yenesei; it is known from the Tian-Shan Mountains, Turkestan, and Persia, and winters even in Natal and Damara-Land, visiting Britain annually on passage. It rises silently and heavily when flushed, is to some extent nocturnal, and drums when on the ground. The three outer tail-feathers are chiefly white.[191] _G. frenata_, ranging from Argentina and Tarapacá to Venezuela and Guiana; _G. nobilis_ of Colombia and Ecuador, _G. paraguaiae_, reaching from Amazonia and Bolivia to the Falklands, _G. macrodactyla_ (_bernieri_) of Madagascar, and _G. aequatorialis_ (_nigripennis_), of the Ethiopian Region generally, conclude this section of the genus. _G. australis_ is similar to our Snipe, but larger; it breeds in Japan, and migrates through Formosa to Australia; _G. nemoricola_, the Wood-Snipe of the hills of India and Burma, has the lower parts distinctly barred; _G. solitaria_, breeding at considerable elevations from Turkestan to Assam and Japan, and wintering in those countries and China, exhibits distinct white streaks above. In the three last-named species the rectrices number about eighteen, in the next six they may be as few as fourteen. South America furnishes five forms somewhat like Woodcocks in their habits and eggs, namely, _G. gigantea_ of Brazil and Paraguay, the largest of the Snipes; _G. undulata_ of Guiana; _G. jamesoni_, ranging from Colombia to Bolivia; _G. imperialis_ of the