Of large forms, with black foreheads, black feet, and lengthened nuchal plumes, _S. cantiaca_, the Sandwich Tern, breeding from Britain and the Mediterranean to the Caspian, and from New England to Honduras and both coasts of Guatemala, possesses a black bill. It migrates to Cape Colony, Sind, and Brazil. The large _S. maxima_, and the similar but smaller _S. elegans_, have the beak red; the former extending from about lat. 40° N. in America to Peru and Brazil, and in winter to West Africa; the latter from California to Chili. _S. eurygnatha_, found from Venezuela to Patagonia, only differs in its yellow bill; but _S. media_, ranging from the Mediterranean and East Africa to Australia, has the tail grey instead of white. In this section the richly marked eggs have often a creamy ground. {313}[Illustration: FIG. 63.–Common Tern. _Sterna fluviatilis._ × ¼.] One only of the smaller species allied to the last group has blackish bill and feet, namely _S. longipennis_,[202] occurring from Lake Baikal and Ceylon to Kamtschatka, Japan, and New Guinea. Of the remainder the Common, Arctic, and Roseate Terns breed in Britain, though the Roseate is decidedly scarce there. _S. fluviatilis_, the Common Tern, occupying the coasts and inland waters of Europe, temperate Asia, and temperate America–chiefly on the eastern side in the last case–and migrating to South Africa, India, Ceylon, and Brazil, has red feet, and red bill with horn-coloured tip, the lower parts being vinaceous grey. _S. macrura_, the Arctic Tern, frequenting the northern regions of Europe and America from lat. 82° to 50°, and 42° N. respectively, has the bill entirely red, the metatarsus comparatively short, and the breast French grey. The two or three brown-spotted eggs vary from olive to green, and are frequently ruddier than those of the Common Tern. _S. dougalli_, the Roseate Tern, differing in the nearly black bill, the white tips to the inner webs of the primaries, and the evanescent pink tinge on the under parts, is widely distributed from lat. 57° N. in the Atlantic to New Caledonia, but is apparently wanting in the Eastern Pacific. Its cry is peculiarly grating. _S. albigena_, ranging from the Red Sea to the Malabar coast, is much darker, and has orange feet; while _S. hirundinacea_, extending from Brazil and Peru to the regions south of Cape Horn, _S. vittata_ of St. Paul's, Amsterdam, Inaccessible, Tristan da Cunha, and Kerguelen Islands, and _S. virgata_ of Kerguelen Island and the Crozets are closely allied forms, of {314}which the last two are said to lay a single egg. _S. albistriata_, with but slightly elongated outer rectrices, yellow bill and feet, inhabits New Zealand and strays to Norfolk Island; _S. forsteri_, with white under parts, orange bill, and reddish feet, inhabits most of North America. _S. melanogaster_ of India, reaching northwards to Afghanistan and Bhutan, has a black belly.