_Hesperornis regalis_, which stood about three feet high, and _H. crassipes_, of even larger dimensions, had blunt teeth in the {47}grooves of both maxilla and mandible, the number being thirty or more below, but considerably less above, where they did not reach to the anterior extremity. The bill was long and pointed, the rami of the lower jaw being entirely separate; the head was rather small, the neck was long, and the quadrate bone articulated with the skull by one knob only. The sternum was long, broad, and flat, without keel; the furcula was decidedly reduced, the metatarsus was moderate and laterally compressed; there were four toes, all directed forwards and probably webbed; the wing was rudimentary, being little more than a humerus; the tail was fairly long and broad, but had no pygostyle. _Enaliornis barretti_ and _E. sedgwicki_ of the Cambridge Greensand had leg-bones very similar to the above, but being only known from fragmentary remains, their position is uncertain; while the same may be said of _Baptornis_ of the North American Cretaceous strata, which, like the two last-named, is much smaller than _Hesperornis_. {48}CHAPTER III NEORNITHES CARINATAE BRIGADE I–LEGION I (COLYMBOMORPHÆ). ORDERS: ICHTHYORNITHES–COLYMBIFORMES–SPHENISCIFORMES– PROCELLARIIFORMES (C) The NEORNITHES CARINATAE, or birds which, with few exceptions, have a keel to the sternum, include all the remaining members of the Class. It is unnecessary to recapitulate the distinctions between these forms and the Ratitae, to be found on p. 26, but it may be well to reiterate that it is the sum of all the characters that constitutes the difference, and to point out that in one or more of the items several of the Carinatae agree with the members of the aforesaid group, though totally at variance with them in the aggregate. Claws on the manus are found on the pollex and index in certain of the Anseres, Cathartae, and Accipitres, and on the pollex alone in some Anseres, Accipitres, and Galli, with individual instances in other birds. [Illustration: FIG. 14.–Head of _Ichthyornis_. (From Geikie, after Marsh.) × ½.] ORDER I. ICHTHYORNITHES.