The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 09 (of 10)
Evans, A. H. (Arthur Humble)
Animals; Birds
_Pelecanoides_ they are decidedly short: the primaries are eleven in
number; the secondaries are ten or less in the Oceanitinae, thirteen of
more in the remaining forms, and amount to more than thirty in some of the
Diomedeinae. The tail is rarely long, as in _Phoebetria_, and may be even,
rounded, graduated, or emarginated; the above species, _Bulweria_, and some
forms of _Puffinus_ have it wedge-shaped, while {61}a distinct fork occurs
in _Oceanodroma_. Sixteen rectrices are found in _Ossifraga_, fourteen in
_Fulmarus_, _Priocella_, and _Daption_, twelve elsewhere. The small tongue
is somewhat triangular, being rather larger in _Ossifraga_ and _Prion_; the
syrinx is tracheo-bronchial; and an after-shaft is present, though in some
cases rudimentary.
The soft, dense plumage shows various patterns of black, brown, grey, and
white; the bill and feet may be black, brown, flesh- or horn-tinted,
yellow, orange, or parti-coloured, but in _Prion_ and _Halobaena_ the
latter are bluish. Light and dark phases are not uncommon, as in _Fulmarus_
and _Ossifraga_; the sexes are invariably similar; and the nestlings, which
long remain helpless, are clad in thick down of a black, brown, grey, or
white hue, through which the feathers appear gradually. Some white
Albatroses have intermediate dusky stages of plumage, and do not gain the
adult coloration at once, as most of the Family seem to do.
_Diomedea exulans_ is one of the largest birds that fly, exceeding a goose
in size, while the smaller Petrels are hardly bigger than Finches. The
range of the Order is world-wide, though a majority of species frequent the
desolate tracts and islands of the southern oceans; but even Albatroses
breed in the North Pacific.
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