The Striped Phalanger, _Dactylopsila trivirgata_, is an animal about a foot long, whose identity can be ascertained by its striped, black and white skin. It is an arboreal creature that lives apparently both on leaves and grubs like so many arboreal creatures of quite different groups--Squirrels, for instance, and New-World Monkeys. The tooth formula is I 3/3 C 1/6 Pm 3/2 M 4/4. _Gymnobelideus leadbeateri_ is a small creature with a body 6 inches in length. It is restricted to the colony of Victoria. The general look is that of _Petaurus_; the ears are naked. _Dromicia_ is a genus of Phalangers which although devoid of a parachute, such as is possessed by certain genera that will be considered immediately, is able to leap with great agility from branch to branch. The ears are large and thin and almost naked; the tooth formula is I 3/2 C 1/0 Pm 3/3 M 4/4. They are minute creatures, the longest measuring, with the tail, but 10 inches. Dormouse-Phalanger is a name sometimes given to them. There are four species, ranging from Tasmania to New Guinea. The name Dormouse as applied to the genus seems to be owing to the way in which they hold a nut in the paws when feeding. _D. nana_ is 4 inches long, with a tail of nearly the same length. It is thick at the base. _Distaechurus_ is the last genus of non-flying Phalangers. Its name refers to the arrangement of the hairs on the tail, which are disposed on either side in a row like the vane of a feather. The tooth formula is I 3/2 C 1/0 Pm 3/2 M 3/3, very nearly as in _Acrobates_. The ears are as in that genus. _Petaurus_ is the first genus of the Flying Phalangers, all of which are provided with a parachute-like expansion of the skin between the fore- and hind-limbs; the ears are large and naked; and the tooth formula is I 3/2 C 1/0 Pm 3/3 M 4/4. There are three {142} species of the genus, which extend through pretty well the entire Australian region. The term "flying" as applied to these and the other "flying" genera is of course an exaggeration. The animals cannot fly upwards; they can only descend in a skimming fashion, the folds of skin breaking their fall. _P. breviceps_ is perhaps the best-known species. The body is 8, the tail 9 inches long. _Petauroides_ seems to be chiefly distinguished from _Petaurus_ by the fact that, as in its ally _Dactylopsila_, the tail is partly naked terminally. In _Petaurus_ and _Gymnobelideus_ the tail is bushy to the very end, including its extreme tip below.