European and American in range. _Meniscotherium_ ( = _Hyracops_[124]) comprises several forms of about the size of a fox; they are both European and American in range. The teeth are more distinctly Ungulate in form than those of _Phenacodus_, with a [125]-shaped outer wall. The skull is described as possessing "indifferent, primitive characters," permitting a comparison with those of Opossums, Insectivores, and {204} Creodonta. It has, as in _Phenacodus_, no orbital ring. The humerus resembles that of a Carnivore rather than that of an Ungulate. The carpus and tarsus are serial. The fibula articulates with both the calcaneum and the astragalus, which is not the case with _Phenacodus_. It is suggested that these animals are ancestral forms of the Chalicotheres. In the brain the hemispheres do not cover the cerebellum. More primitive apparently than _Phenacodus_ was the less-known genus _Euprotogonia_, or _Protogonia_[126] as it has been called. The best-known species is _E. puercensis_, so called from its occurrence in the Puerco beds of the American Eocene. It was a slender, long-limbed creature, smaller than _Phenacodus_, with a long and heavy tail as in that animal. Like _Phenacodus_ it was semiplantigrade, and shows more likenesses to the Creodonta. The skull is only known by a part of the lower jaw with teeth, and by the teeth of the upper jaw. The vertebrae are not entirely preserved, but enough remain to show that the animal had a tail of 16 or 17 inches, which is a considerable length when compared to its height, about a foot at the rump. In the fore-limb the most noteworthy point is that the ulna has a convex posterior border as in the Creodonts, the same border in _Phenacodus_ being concave. The humerus is slender, with less-marked tuberosities. The fifth digit seems to have been less reduced. The phalanges seem to have borne horny sheaths somewhat intermediate between hoofs and claws. The pelvis is described as being, as is also that of _Phenacodus_, rather like that of the Creodonta. The right hind-limb is known in all its details. It appears that the bones are not serial but interlocking; this, however, on the views with regard to the relations of these two forms of tarsus mentioned on p. 198, does not militate against regarding _Euprotogonia_ as the ancestor of the genus _Phenacodus_. The third toe is the pre-eminent one, the animal thus being Perissodactyle. The lateral digits are larger than in _Phenacodus_, and the metatarsals and the phalanges are slightly curved, which is again a Creodont character as compared to the perfectly straight corresponding bones of _Phenacodus_. It seems evident that this animal is to be looked upon as a more ancient type than _Phenacodus_, even if not as its actual ancestor.