The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 10 (of 10)Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Science
The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 10 (of 10)
Beddard, Frank E. (Frank Evers)
Animals; Mammals
The last genus of this section or sub-family is the African Eland, genus
_Oreas_[214] (which it appears should be spelt _Orias_). The Elands are
perhaps more Ox-like in appearance than the other members of this group,
and in both sexes have horns, in which the spiral twisting is more close.
_Orias canna_ is the name of the common Eland. _O. livingstonii_ has been
applied to an East African variety, which has thin and faint lateral
stripes like the other members of the group to which it belongs.
The genus _Boselaphus_ includes only _B. tragocamelus_, the Nilgai, which
is purely Indian in range. The female is hornless, and the horns of the
male are smooth and not long. {317}
The members of the Bovine section or Oxen are to be distinguished from
other hollow-horned Ruminants by their stouter build and by the fact that
the horns stand out from the sides of the skull and are simply curved, not
twisted; and smooth, not annulate like those of other Ruminants. The muffle
is naked, broad, and moist. The Oxen are widely distributed; but are
entirely absent from the Australian region and from South America and
Madagascar.
The true Oxen are perhaps best considered to form but a single genus,
_Bos_. They have, however, been divided into a number of genera. Even the
supposed aberrant _Anoa depressicornis_ of Celebes hardly differs
sufficiently to warrant its separation. In favour of this view, too, is the
extraordinary ease with which different "genera" will cross with each other
and produce fertile offspring. The following is the pedigree of an animal
lately living in the Zoological Society's Gardens. The female offspring of
a male Zebu and a female Gayal was mated with a male Bison. The female calf
was again mated with a Bison and produced a calf, also a female, which
contained therefore the three species, _Bos indicus_, _Bibos frontalis_,
and _Bison americanus_. It is clearly unwise in view of this fact to insist
too much upon generic distinctions in any of those types.[215]
Of this genus the Oriental Gaur (_Bos gaurus_), the Gayal (_B. frontalis_),
and the Banteng (_B. sondaicus_) form a well-marked section, characterised
by their dark coloration and by the somewhat flattened horns.
The Gaur, _Bos gaurus_, has a more concave forehead than its allies; the
horns are less curved than those of the Banteng, and less so than the horns
of the Gayal (_Bos frontalis_). It inhabits the Indian Peninsula; and
extends through Burmah to the extremity of the Malay Peninsula. The Malay
name of this animal is Sakiutan, which simply means wild cattle. It chiefly
frequents wooded hills and is an excellent mountain climber.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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